Arnold (Martin) Haukeland

(b Verdal, Nord-Tr?ndelag, 28 March 1920; d Baerum, 18 June 1983). Norwegian sculptor. He studied electrical engineering at the Norges Tekniske H?gskole, Trondheim, from 1940 and at the same time painted, drew and modelled in clay. In 1943-4 he broke off his studies and travelled to Oslo, where he received instruction at the 'illegal Academy' (the Kunstakademi was shut during the German occupation) from the sculptors Stinius Fredriksen (b 1902) and Per Palle Storm (b 1910). His first independent work was Hope (1945), a naturalistic and stately female figure, for the west portal of the reconstructed Nidaros Cathedral, Trondheim. The next year he studied Gothic art in England and France and was a pupil of Raymond Martin (b 1910) at the Acad?mie Colarossi in Paris. He won a competition for a war memorial at the Baerum Town Hall in Sandvika with his distinctive bronze equestrian statue Freedom (1947-53). Its form is indebted to the Italian Renaissance, but its spiritual content salutes the fallen of Baerum; the powerful horse can be said to represent the nation's strength, and the proud, naked young rider symbolizes its longing for freedom.

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