Aromatization

(chemical engineering) Conversion of any nonaromatic hydrocarbon structure to aromatic hydrocarbon, particularly petroleum.

The conversion of any nonaromatic hydrocarbon structures, especially those found in petroleum, to aromatic hydrocarbons. There are numerous routes and means to accomplish this transformation, the simplest and most important of which are direct dehydrogenation of naphthenes to aromatics, reaction (1); dehydroisomerization of naphthenes to aromatics, reaction (2); dehydrocyclization of aliphatics to aromatics, reaction (3); and high-temperature condensation of hydrocarbons to aromatics, reaction (4).

Reforming of naphthas with catalysts comprising small amounts of platinum on an acidified alumina support accomplishes reactions (1), (2), and (3) readily and simultaneously. It is a major process for benzene, toluene, and other aromatics from petroleum sources.

Reaction (4) illustrates one type of reaction that may occur in the high-temperature (600–800°C or 1100–1500°F) thermal cracking of petroleum fractions. See also Petroleum processing and refining.