| Arsenic trichloride | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Other names | Arsenic(III) chloride, Arsenous trichloride, Butter of arsenic, de Valagin's solution[1] |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 7784-34-1  |
| PubChem | 24570 |
| RTECS number | CG1750000 |
| SMILES |
Cl[As](Cl)Cl
|
| InChI |
1/AsCl3/c2-1(3)4
|
| InChI key | OEYOHULQRFXULB-UHFFFAOYAG |
| ChemSpider ID | 22974 |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | AsCl3 |
| Molar mass | 181.28 g/mol |
| Appearance | colourless liquid |
| Density | 2.163 g/cm3, liquid |
| Melting point |
-16.2 °C, 257 K, 3 °F |
| Boiling point |
130.2 °C, 403 K, 266 °F |
| Solubility in water | decomposes |
| Solubility | soluble in alcohol, ether, HCl, HBr |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.6006 |
| Viscosity | 9.77 x 10-6 Pa s |
| Hazards | |
| EU classification | Very Toxic (T+) Dangerous for the environment (N) |
| R-phrases | R23/25, R50/53 |
| S-phrases | (S1/2), S20/21, S28, S45, S60, S61 |
| NFPA 704 |
 0
4
0
|
| LD50 | 48 mg/kg |
| (what is this?) (verify) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) |
|
| Infobox references | |
Arsenic trichloride is the chemical compound with the formula AsCl3. The substance was known to alchemy under the name butter of arsenic.
Contents |
Preparation
This colourless liquid is a starting reagent for the synthesis of organoarsenic compounds, such as triphenylarsine. It is prepared by treatment of arsenic(III) oxide with concentrated hydrochloric acid followed by distillation:
- As2O3 + 6 HCl → 2 AsCl3 + 3 H2O
Thus, in contrast to PCl3, this compound has increased stability in the presence of acidic water.[2] It undergoes a redistribution with As2O3 and AsCl3 gives the linear polymer AsOCl. With chloride sources, AsCl3, forms salts containing the anion [AsCl4]–.
Reactions
Hydrolysis with water gives arsenous acid and hydrochloric acid:
- AsCl3 + 3 H2O → As(OH)3 + 3 HCl
Reaction with potassium bromide or iodide forms arsenic tribromide or arsenic triiodide.
Uses
Arsenic trichloride is used in preparation of many chloroderivatives of arsenic that have pharmaceutical and insecticide applications.
References
- ^ Shakhashiri BZ, "Chemical of the Week: Arsenic", University of Wisconsin-Madison Chemistry Dept.
- ^ Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
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