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The Artist

Theatrical release poster
Directed by Michel Hazanavicius
Produced by Thomas Langmann
Written by Michel Hazanavicius
Starring Jean Dujardin
Bérénice Bejo
Music by Ludovic Bource
Cinematography Guillaume Schiffman
Editing by Anne-Sophie Bion
Michel Hazanavicius
Studio La Petite Reine
ARP Sélection
Studio 37
La Class Americane
France 3 Cinema
U Film
Jouror Productions
JD Prod
Wild Bunch
Distributed by Warner Bros. (France)
The Weinstein Company (US/AUS)
Entertainment Film Distributors (UK)
Release date(s)
  • 15 May 2011 (2011-05-15) (Cannes)
  • 12 October 2011 (2011-10-12) (France)
Running time 100 minutes
Country France
Language Silent
English intertitles
Budget $15 million
Box office $133,375,174[1]

The Artist is a 2011 French[nb 1][2][3][4][5][6] romantic comedy drama in the style of a black-and-white silent film.[7][8][9][10] The film was written and directed by Michel Hazanavicius and stars Jean Dujardin and Bérénice Bejo.[11] The story takes place in Hollywood, between 1927 and 1932, and focuses on the relationship of an older silent film star and a rising young actress, as silent cinema falls out of fashion and is replaced by the "talkies".

The Artist received near-universal acclaim from critics and won many accolades. Dujardin won the Best Actor Award at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival, where the film premiered. The film was nominated for six Golden Globes, the most of any 2011 film, and won three; Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, Best Original Score, and Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for Dujardin. In January 2012 the film was nominated for twelve BAFTAs, also the most of any film from 2011,[12] and won seven, the most wins of the night, including Best Film, Best Director and Best Original Screenplay for Hazanavicius, and Best Actor for Dujardin.

It was nominated for ten Academy Awards and won five,[13] including Best Picture, Best Director for Hazanavicius, and Best Actor for Dujardin, who was the first French actor ever to win. It was the first French film to ever win Best Picture,[14] the first mainly silent film to win since 1927's Wings (the first recipient of the Best Picture Award, in 1929), the first film presented in the 4:3 aspect ratio to win since 1955's Marty, the first black-and-white film to win since 1993's Schindler's List, and the first non-R-rated film to win since 2004's Million Dollar Baby.

In France, it was nominated for ten César Awards,[15] winning six, including Best Film, Best Director for Hazanavicius and Best Actress for Bejo. The Artist became the most awarded French film in history.[16]

Contents

Plot

In 1927, silent film star George Valentin is posing for pictures outside the premiere of his latest hit film, A Russian Affair, when a young woman, Peppy Miller, accidentally bumps into him. Valentin reacts with humor to the accident and shows off Peppy for the cameras. The next day, Peppy finds herself on the front page of Variety with the headline "Who's That Girl?" Later, Peppy auditions as a dancer and is spotted by Valentin, who insists that she have a part in Kinograph Studios' next production, despite objections from the studio boss, Al Zimmer. While performing a scene together, Valentin and Peppy show great chemistry, despite her being merely an extra. With a little guidance from Valentin (he draws a beauty spot on her, which will eventually be her trademark, after finding her in his dressing room), Peppy slowly rises through the industry, earning more prominent starring roles.

Two years later, Zimmer announces the end of production of silent films at Kinograph Studios, but Valentin is dismissive, insisting that sound is just a fad. He decides to produce and direct his own silent film, financing it himself. The film opens on the same day as Peppy's new sound film as well as the 1929 Stock Market Crash. Now Valentin's only chance of avoiding bankruptcy is for his film to be a hit. Unfortunately audiences flock to Peppy's film instead and Valentin is ruined. His wife, Doris, kicks him out, and he moves into an apartment with his valet, Clifton. Peppy goes on to become a major Hollywood star.

Later, the bankrupt Valentin is forced to auction off all of his personal effects, and fires Clifton, telling him to get another job. Depressed and drunk, Valentin angrily sets a match to his private collection of his earlier films. As the nitrate film quickly blazes out of control he is overwhelmed by the smoke and passes out inside the burning house, still clutching a single film canister. His dog (Uggie) attracts the help of a nearby policeman, and after being rescued Valentin is hospitalized for injuries suffered in the fire. Peppy visits the hospital and asks for him to be moved to her house to recuperate. While at the hospital she discovers that the film he rescued is the one she was first in. Valentin awakens in a bed at her house, to find that Clifton is now working for Peppy.

Peppy insists to Zimmer that Valentin co-star in her next film, threatening to quit Kinograph if Zimmer does not agree to her terms. After Valentin learns that Peppy had purchased all his auctioned effects, he returns to his burnt-out apartment. Peppy arrives, panicked, and finds that Valentin is about to attempt suicide. The two reconcile, and remembering Valentin's superb dancing ability, Peppy persuades Zimmer to let them make a musical together.

Sound finally comes in as the film starts rolling for a dance scene with Peppy and Valentin. Once the choreography is complete, Zimmer calls out audibly "Cut! Perfect. Beautiful. Could you give me one more?" Valentin, in his only audible line, replies "With pleasure!" revealing his strong French accent.[17]

Cast

Production

Some of the cast and crew at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival : left to right, score composer Ludovic Bource, director Michel Hazanavicius, stars Missi Pyle, Bérénice Bejo, and Jean Dujardin, director of photography Guillaume Schiffman and producer Thomas Langmann.

Director Michel Hazanavicius had been fantasizing about making a silent film for many years, both because many filmmakers he admires emerged in the silent era, and because of the image-driven nature of the form. According to Hazanavicius his wish to make a silent film was at first not taken seriously, but after the financial success of his spy-film pastiches OSS 117: Cairo, Nest of Spies and OSS 117: Lost in Rio, producers started to express interest. The forming of the film's narrative started with Hazanavicius' desire to work again with actors Jean Dujardin and Bérénice Bejo, Hazanivicius's wife, who had starred in OSS 117: Cairo, Nest of Spies. Hazanavicius chose the form of the melodrama, mostly because he thought many of the films from the silent era which have aged best are melodramas. He did extensive research about 1920s Hollywood, and studied silent films to find the right techniques to make the story comprehensible without having to use too many intertitles. The screenplay took four months to write.[18]

The Artist was filmed in thirty-five days,[19] made in the 1.33:1 screen ratio commonly used in the silent film era. Though presented in black-and-white, it was shot in color by cinematographer Guillaume Schiffman.[20] All the technical details, including lenses, lighting and camera moves, were calibrated to get the look just right.[21] To recreate the slightly sped-up look of 1920s silent films, the film was shot at a slightly lower frame rate of 22 fps as opposed to the standard 24 fps.[22] Most of the film is silent, except for two scenes of sound; one being a nightmare sequence and the other being the final scene in the film, where two characters speak, and the non-diegetic soundtrack. Throughout the shoot, Hazanavicius played music from classic Hollywood films while the actors performed.[18]

The film was produced by La Petite Reine and ARP Sélection for 13.47 million euro, including co-production support from Studio 37 and France 3 Cinéma, and pre-sales investment from Canal+ and CinéCinéma.[23] The cast and the crew included both French and American members.[18]

American costume designer Mark Bridges created the wardrobe for the film's cast.[24]

Music

Original Motion Picture Soundtrack – The Artist
Soundtrack album by Ludovic Bource
Released 10 October 2011
Recorded 2011
Genre score
Length 77:39
Label Sony Classical Records

The film's music was composed by Ludovic Bource and produced in Belgium. It was recorded by Brussels Philharmonic and conducted by Ernst Van Tiel. Recording took place during six days in April 2011 at Flagey's Studio 4 in Brussels.[25]

The film's climactic scene is set to Bernard Herrmann's "Scene D'Amour" from his score to Alfred Hitchcock's film Vertigo. In Vertigo, that composition similarly accompanies an extended scene without dialogue. Only one song (sung, with lyrics) is used in the soundtrack, "Pennies from Heaven", sung by Rose "Chi-Chi" Murphy (uncredited). This song was written in 1936 although the film is set between 1927 and 1932.

The soundtrack was released on 21 October 2011 through Sony Classical Records.[26]

Track listing
No. Title Performer(s) Length
1. "The Artist Ouverture"   Brussels Philharmonic 1:02
2. "1927 A Russian Affair"   Brussels Philharmonic 3:36
3. "George Valentin"   Brussels Philharmonic 5:35
4. "Pretty Peppy"   Ludovic Bource 2:32
5. "At the Kinograph Studios"   Ludovic Bource 1:37
6. "Fantaisie D'amour"   Ludovic Bource 3:09
7. "Waltz for Peppy"   Ludovic Bource 3:22
8. "Estancia Op. 8"   Brussels Philharmonic 3:40
9. "Imagination"   Red Nichols & His Five Pennies 2:56
10. "Silent Rumble"   Ludovic Bource 1:16
11. "1929"   Ludovic Bource 1:30
12. "In the Stairs"   Ludovic Bource 3:15
13. "Jubilee Stomp"   Duke Ellington 2:33
14. "Comme Une Rosée De Larmes"   Ludovic Bource 3:24
15. "The Sound of Tears"   Ludovic Bource 4:47
16. "Pennies From Heaven"   Rose Murphy 2:13
17. "1931"   Ludovic Bource 4:44
18. "Jungle Bar"   Ludovic Bource 2:07
19. "L'ombre Des Flammes"   Ludovic Bource 5:57
20. "Happy Ending ..."   Ludovic Bource 5:43
21. "Charming Blackmail"   Ludovic Bource 2:12
22. "Ghosts from the Past"   Ludovic Bource 2:00
23. "My Suicide (Dedicated To 29 March 1967)"   Ludovic Bource 6:24
24. "Peppy and George"   Brussels Philharmonic 2:05

Release

Jean Dujardin and Bérénice Bejo at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival

The film premiered on 15 May in competition at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival.[27] It was initially announced as an out of competition entry, but was moved to the competition a week before the festival opened.[28] The French regular release was on 12 October 2011 through Warner Bros. France.[29] The Weinstein Company bought the distribution rights for the United States and Australia and Entertainment Film Distributors bought the UK distribution.[30] The film was initially given limited release in the United States on 25 November 2011.[31]

Following its wins at the 69th Golden Globe Awards, it was announced Warner Bros. would re-release the film in France in 362 theaters on 25 January 2012.[32][33] It was also re-released in Belgium on 22 February 2012.[34]

Box office

As of June 3, 2012, The Artist has grossed $44,614,000 in North America, along with $88,761,174 in other territories for a worldwide total of $133,375,174.[1] After its success at the Academy Awards, the film saw a moderate boost the following week on the box office in North America. It appeared on the week's top 10 chart and got an increase of 34% while expanding its release from 966 theaters to 1,756.[35]

Critical reception

Review aggregate Rotten Tomatoes reports that 98% of critics have given The Artist a positive review based on 205 reviews, with an average rating of 8.8/10, making the film a "Certified Fresh" on the website's rating system.[36] At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the film received an average score of 89, based on 41 reviews, which indicates "Universal Acclaim". The reviewers at Spill.com gave it their highest rating, a "Better than Sex"[37]

Mark Adams of Screen Daily called the film "a real pleasure"; "propelled elegantly forward by delightful performances from Jean Dujardin and Bérénice Bejo it is the most unlikely of feel-good movies." He added however: "The film does feel a little sluggish towards the end of the first third as the music is a little repetitive and the intertitles are infrequent, but Hazanavicius manages to give the film a real sense of charm and warmth, and film fans will be competing to spot visual and musical references."[38] Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian described how the film "had me on my feet cheering throughout the final credits" and stated "I can't wait to see it again".[39]

Geoffrey McNab at The Independent called the film "both a surefire crowdpleaser and a magnificent piece of film-making" in his 5 star review from the Cannes Film Festival.[40]Rick Groen of The Globe and Mail assessed The Artist highly, noting the film "uses old technology to dazzling effect to illustrate the insistent conquest of a new technology."[41] Sukanya Verma for Rediff.com feels The Artist is an extremely well-researched film and is an instant classic.[42] David Thomson of The New Republic called The Artist an "accomplished and witty entertainment" and went on to write, "Whether Hazanavicius can do more things as elegant and touching, without the gimmick of silence, remains to be seen (and heard). Meanwhile, he is to be congratulated on the grounds of pleasure alone. He may be due for much more in the way of rewards."[43]

Writing for Slant Magazine, Jaime N. Christley gave the film 1.5 out of 4 stars, explaining Michel Hazanavicius ignores "everything that's fascinating and memorable about the era, focusing instead on a patchwork of general knowledge, so eroded of inconvenient facts that it doesn't even qualify as a roman à clef."[44] America Magazine argued that while Jean Dujardin carried the film, Bejo's performance was disappointing.[45]

Kim Novak controversy

On 9 January 2012, actress Kim Novak stated that "rape" had been committed in regard to the musical score by Ludovic Bource, which incorporates a portion of Bernard Herrmann's score from Alfred Hitchcock's 1958 film Vertigo (in which Novak had starred). In the article published, by Variety, she stated that "I feel as if my body — or at least my body of work — has been violated by the movie."[46] "This film should've been able to stand on its own without depending on Bernard Herrmann's score from Alfred Hitchcock's 'Vertigo' to provide more drama" and that "It is morally wrong for the artistry of our industry to use and abuse famous pieces of work to gain attention and applause for other than what they were intended", ending her comments with "Shame on them!"[47]

In response, director Hazanavicius released a statement:

"The Artist was made as a love letter to cinema, and grew out of my (and all of my cast and crew’s) admiration and respect for movies throughout history. It was inspired by the work of Hitchcock, Lang, Ford, Lubitsch, Murnau and Wilder. I love Bernard Herrmann and his music has been used in many different films and I’m very pleased to have it in mine. I respect Kim Novak greatly and I’m sorry to hear she disagrees."[48]

Hazanavicius also told CNN "I used music from another movie, but it’s not illegal. We paid for that, we asked for that and we had the permission to do it. For me there is no real controversy.... I feel sorry for her, but there’s a lot of movies with music from other movies, directors do that all the time and I’m not sure it’s a big deal."[47]

In May 2011, when the film was first shown at the Cannes Festival, Todd McCarthy from The Hollywood Reporter mentioned the use of Herrmann's music, "Hazanavicius and Bource daringly choose to explicitly employ Bernard Herrmann’s love theme from Vertigo, which is dramatically effective in its own right but is so well known that it yanks you out of one film and places you in the mind-set of another. Surely some sort of reworked equivalent would have been a better idea."[17]

Home media

The Artist is scheduled to be released in the U.S. on DVD and Blu-ray on 26 June 2012.[49] It was released in the UK on 28 May 2012.

Top ten lists

The film has appeared on the following critics' top ten lists for the best films of 2011:

Critic Publication Rank
Richard Corliss Time 1st[50]
Peter Bradshaw The Guardian 1st[51]
Robbie Collin The Telegraph 1st[51]
Richard Roeper Chicago Tribune 2nd[52]
Peter Travers Rolling Stone 2nd[53]
Elizabeth Weitzman New York Daily News 2nd[51]
Lisa Schwarzbaum Entertainment Weekly 3rd[51]
Mark Kermode BBC Radio 5 Live 4th[54]
Richard T. Jameson MSN Movies 4th[51]
Sean Axmaker MSN Movies 5th[51]
Empire's writers and contributors Empire Magazine 5th[51]
James Berardinelli Reelviews 5th[55]
S&S international poll of critics Sight & Sound 5th[56]
Austin Film Critics Association Austin Film Critics Association 6th[57]
Roger Ebert Chicago Sun-Times 10th[51]
Time Out's film team Time Out London 10th[51]

Awards and nominations

Main article: List of accolades received by The Artist (film)

At the 65th British Academy Film Awards, the film won seven awards, including Best Film, Best Actor for Dujardin, Best Original Screenplay for Hazanavicius, Cinematography for Schiffman, Costume Design for Bridges and Original Score for Ludovic Bource.[58][59] At the 69th Golden Globe Awards, the film was nominated for six Golden Globes to win three of them; Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for Dujardin and Best Musical Score for Bource.[60][61]

At the 84th Academy Awards, The Artist received ten nominations, winning five awards, including Best Picture, Best Director for Hazanavicius, Best Actor for Dujardin, Best Costume Design, and Best Original Score.[62][63][64]

References

  1. ^ There has been some confusion on whether the film is French or American. The official American website states it "is the first American film by acclaimed French writer/director Michel Hazanavicius", while the AMPAS and mass media describe it as a French film, given that the film was directed and produced by Frenchmen and that the two lead roles are played by French actors.
  1. ^ a b "The Artist (2011)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=artist.htm. Retrieved June 3, 2012. 
  2. ^ "Festival de Cannes: The Artist". Cannes. http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/11169584/year/2011.html. Retrieved 24 January 2012. 
  3. ^ "The Artists' five Oscars prompt joyous reaction in France". Los Angeles Times. 27 February 2012. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2012/02/reporting-from-paris-the-french-woke-up-to-a-historic-moment-in-their-film-history-with-a-record-breaking-slew-of-oscar-f.html'. Retrieved 27 February 2012. 
  4. ^ Thompson, Nick (27 February 2012). "How a silent, black-and-white French film won big at the Oscars". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2012/02/27/world/europe/oscars-the-artist/index.html. Retrieved 27 February 2012. 
  5. ^ Patel, Tara (27 February 2012). "Oscar Wins for ‘The Artist’ Mark Record for a French Film". Bloomberg Businessweek. http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-02-27/oscar-wins-for-the-artist-mark-record-for-a-french-film.html. Retrieved 27 February 2012. 
  6. ^ Pfanner, Eric (27 February 2012). "French Film Industry Celebrates Its Cultural Exception". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/28/arts/28iht-oscarfr28.html. Retrieved 27 February 2012. 
  7. ^ "Nominees & Recipients: ACE Film Editors". ACE Film Editors. http://ace-filmeditors.org/ace-eddie-awards/nominees-recipients/. Retrieved 26 February 2012. 
  8. ^ Golden Globe nominations
  9. ^ The Artist on Rotton Tomatoes
  10. ^ 'The Artist' is artful in the way it wins you over – 3 1/2 stars Chicago Tribune
  11. ^ Smith, Ian Hayden (2012). International Film Guide 2012. p. 117. ISBN 978-1908215017. 
  12. ^ "Silent movie The Artist leads Bafta nominations". BBC News. BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16590364. Retrieved 17 January 2012. 
  13. ^ "Martin Scorsese's Hugo leads Oscar charge with 11 nods". BBC News. BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16699960. Retrieved 24 January 2012. 
  14. ^ "Oscars 2012: Billy Crystal's back and 'The Artist' could make history". Chicago Tribune. http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/music/sns-rt-academy-awards-awardsmt1thewrap35726-20120226,0,3195826.story. Retrieved 2012-02-27. 
  15. ^ "Kate Winslet to receive honorary Cesar award". BBC News. BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16759408. Retrieved 28 January 2012. 
  16. ^ Leffler, Rebecca (24 February 2012). "'The Artist' Wins 6 Cesar Awards, Including Best French Film of the Year". The Hollywood Reporter. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/race/cesar-awards-the-artist-michel-hazanavicius-294893. Retrieved 27 February 2012. 
  17. ^ a b McCarthy, Todd (15 May 2011). "The Artist: Cannes Review". The Hollywood Reporter. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/artist-cannes-review-188493. Retrieved 12 January 2012. 
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  19. ^ "The Orange British Academy Film Awards – 2012 Red Carpet". BBC News. http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b01c89nf/The_Orange_British_Academy_Film_Awards_2012_Red_Carpet/. Retrieved 10 February 2012. 
  20. ^ Cruz, Gilbert (19 January 2011). "What Is This Artist Movie That's Winning All the Awards?". Time Magazine. http://entertainment.time.com/2012/01/19/what-is-this-artist-movie-thats-winning-all-the-awards/. Retrieved 12 February 2012. 
  21. ^ Steve Rose, "Now in full retrovision", The Guardian (The Guide supplement), 7 January 2012
  22. ^ Rebecca Keegan (21 November 2011). "Buzz is growing over a silent film". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2011/nov/21/entertainment/la-ca-1120-artist-silent-movie-20111121. Retrieved 28 January 2012. 
  23. ^ Lemercier, Fabien (18 April 2011). "Media frenzy over Sarkozy's election Conquest". Cineuropa. http://cineuropa.org/newsdetail.aspx?lang=en&documentID=201597. Retrieved 10 May 2011. 
  24. ^ Hart, Hugh (12 February 2011). "'Artist' costumer had designs on career as child". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2012/02/12/PKJC1N1Q6V.DTL. Retrieved 12 February 2012. 
  25. ^ "Soundtrack for 'The artist' recorded at Brussels". Brussels Philharmonic. 3 October 2011. http://www.brusselsphilharmonic.be/en/news/detail/article/soundtrack-voor-the-artist-komt-uit-brussel/. Retrieved 30 January 2012. 
  26. ^ "The Artist". Amazon.com. http://www.amazon.com/Artist-Ludovic-Bource/dp/B005LL4U54. Retrieved 30 January 2012. 
  27. ^ "Horaires 2011" (in French). festival-cannes.com. Cannes Film Festival. http://www.festival-cannes.fr/assets/File/Web/HORAIRES%202011/Horaire%20internet.pdf. Retrieved 10 May 2011. 
  28. ^ Mitchell, Wendy (4 May 2011). "Hazanavicius' The Artist moves into Competition in Cannes". Screen Daily. http://www.screendaily.com/festivals/cannes/hazanavicius-the-artist-moves-into-competition-in-cannes/5026923.article. Retrieved 10 May 2011. 
  29. ^ "The Artist" (in French). AlloCiné. Tiger Global. http://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=183070.html. Retrieved 10 May 2011. 
  30. ^ Tartaglione, 16 May 2011. "Wild Bunch, Weinsteins confirm multi-territory deal on The Artist". Screen Daily. http://www.screendaily.com/news/distribution/wild-bunch-weinsteins-confirm-multi-territory-deal-on-the-artist/5027596.article. Retrieved 22 May 2011. 
  31. ^ Rich, Katey (28 November 2011). "The Artist Star Jean Dujardin On How Gene Kelly Inspired His Work". CinemaBlend.com. http://www.cinemablend.com/new/Artist-Star-Jean-Dujardin-How-Gene-Kelly-Inspired-His-Work-28076.html. Retrieved 2012-05-12. 
  32. ^ "« The Artist » ressort en salles en France" (in French). Le Soir. 16 January 2012. http://archives.lesoir.be/-the-artist-ressort-en-salles-en-france_t-20120116-01RKP5.html. Retrieved 27 February 2012. 
  33. ^ Keslassy, Elsa (22 February 2012). "France's second look at 'Artist'". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118050616. Retrieved 27 February 2012. 
  34. ^ ""The Artist" remporte 7 Bafta Awards dont meilleur film, meilleur réalisateur et meillleur acteur." (in French). cinéart.be. http://www.cineart.be/fr/news/the-artist-remporte-7-bafta-awards-dont-meilleur-film-meilleur-realisateur-et-meilleur-acteur.aspx. Retrieved 27 February 2012. 
  35. ^ McClintock, Pamela (4 March 2012). "'The Artist' Enjoys Box Office Bump After Oscar Wins". The Hollywood Reporter. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/artist-box-office-oscars-michel-Hazanavicius-Jean-Dujardin-296749. Retrieved 4 May 2012. 
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  37. ^ "The Artist". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. http://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-artist. Retrieved 12 February 2012. 
  38. ^ Adams, Mark (15 May 2011). "The Artist". Screen Daily. http://www.screendaily.com/reviews/latest-reviews/the-artist/5027562.article. Retrieved 22 May 2011. 
  39. ^ Bradshaw, Peter. "Cannes 2011: The Artist/Michael/Footnote – review". The Guardian. UK. http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2011/may/16/cannes-2011-the-artist-michael-footnote-review. Retrieved 27 October 2011. 
  40. ^ McNab, Geoffrey. "The Artist, Cannes Film Festival". The Independent. UK. http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/reviews/the-artist-cannes-film-festival-2285354.html. Retrieved 27 October 2011. 
  41. ^ Groen, Rick (9 December 2011). "The Artist: Mostly mute, it speaks volumes about silent film". The Globe and Mail. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/arts/movies/the-artist-mostly-mute-it-speaks-volumes-about-silent-film/article2264777/. Retrieved 13 January 2012. 
  42. ^ Sukanya Verma. "Review: The Artist is an instant classic". Rediff.com. http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-the-artist-is-an-instant-classic/20120224.htm. Retrieved 24 February 2012. 
  43. ^ David Thomson (5 January 2012). "Why ‘The Artist’ Just Might Win the Oscars". The New Republic. http://www.tnr.com/article/film/99237/artist-cannes-hazanavicius-dujardin. 
  44. ^ Jaime N. Christley (16 October 2011). "Film Review – The Artist". Slant Magazine. http://www.slantmagazine.com/film/review/the-artist/5846. Retrieved 27 February 2012. 
  45. ^ Stepien, Victor (12 March 2012). "The French Connection". America. http://www.americamagazine.org/content/culture.cfm?cultureID=258. Retrieved 6 March 2012. 
  46. ^ "Artist director responds to Kim Novak Vertigo claim". BBC News (BBC). http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16482624. Retrieved 10 January 2012. 
  47. ^ a b "'The Artist' director defends use of Hitchcock score". The Marquee Blog. CNN. 10 January 2012. http://marquee.blogs.cnn.com/2012/01/10/the-artist-director-defends-use-of-hitchcock-score/. Retrieved 12 January 2012. 
  48. ^ "'The Artist' Director Responds to Kim Novak Slam Over 'Vertigo' Music". The Hollywood Reporter. 9 January 2012. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/race/artist-kim-novak-michel-hazanavicius-279757. Retrieved 12 January 2012. 
  49. ^ "Amazon.com". Amazon. 15 May 2012. http://www.amazon.com/The-Artist-UltraViolet-Digital-Copy/dp/B00782O7IY/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1337129571&sr=8-1. 
  50. ^ Corliss, Richard (7 December 2011). "The Top 10 Everything of 2011 – The Artist". Time. http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2101344_2101362_2101351,00.html. Retrieved 17 December 2011. 
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Films directed by Michel Hazanavicius
1990s
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