ASCI Red or ASCI Option Red, was a supercomputer installed at Sandia National Laboratories, located in Albuquerque, New Mexico. ASCI Red became operational in 1997 and was retired from service in September, 2005. It was the fastest computer on the TOP500 list from June 1997 to June 2000. It was decommissioned in 2006.
The project was a collaboration between Intel Corporation and Sandia Labs. It was built as stage one of the Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI) by the United States Department of Energy and the National Nuclear Security Administration to build a simulator to replace live nuclear weapon detonation following the moratorium on underground testing started by President George H. W. Bush in 1992 and extended by President Bill Clinton in 1993.
It was a mesh-based (38 X 32 X 2) MIMD massively-parallel processing machine initially consisting of 4,510 compute nodes, 1212 gigabytes of total distributed memory and 12.5 terabytes of disk storage. The original incarnation of this machine used Intel Pentium Pro processors, each clocked at 200 MHz. These were later upgraded to Pentium II OverDrive processors. The system was upgraded to a total of 9298 Pentium II OverDrive processors, each clocked at 333 MHz. It consisted of 104 cabinets, taking up about 2500 square feet (230 m²) and required 850kW of power (not including air conditioning). The system was designed to use commodity mass-market components and to be very scalable.
The original ASCI Red was the first computer to rate above 1 teraFLOPS on the MP-Linpack benchmark (1996), with a peak of 1.34 TFLOPS as noted in Top500 Supercomputer sites. After being upgraded with Pentium II Overdrive processors, the computer demonstrated sustained MP-Linpack benchmarks above 2 teraFLOPS.[1]
Different partitions of the machine used different operating systems. To the programmer, it appeared as a normal Unix machine, running "Teraflops OS", Intel's distributed OSF/1 AD-based system originally developed for the Paragon XP/S supercomputer. The compute partition processors ran Sandia's very light-weight "Cougar" operating system which traces its heritage back to the SUNMOS and Puma light-weight kernels developed for the compute nodes of the Paragon. Internode communication on the mesh used MPI, built atop the Portals abstraction.[1]
A portion of ASCI Red is in the permanent collection of The Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California.
External links
- ASCI Red web site
- ASCI Red Facts
- Profile at Top500 Supercomputer Sites
- Intel "Tera-flop" flip-flops. Give-aways during the installation of ASCI Red.
References
- ^ a b Timothy G. Mattson and Greg Henry. "The ASCI Option Red Supercomputer". Intel. http://www.sandia.gov/ASCI/Red/papers/Mattson/OVERVIEW.html. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
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