Ashton-in-Makerfield
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Ashton-in-Makerfield
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Coordinates: 53°29′13″N 2°38′28″W / 53.487°N 2.641°W
| Ashton-in-Makerfield | |
 Ashton-in-Makerfield Town Hall |
|
 Ashton-in-Makerfield
Ashton-in-Makerfield shown within Greater Manchester |
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| Population | 28,505 (2001 census) |
|---|---|
| OS grid reference | SJ574992 |
| - London | 173 mi (278 km) SE |
| Metropolitan borough | Wigan |
| Metropolitan county | Greater Manchester |
| Region | North West |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | WIGAN |
| Postcode district | WN4 |
| Dialling code | 01942 |
| Police | Greater Manchester |
| Fire | Greater Manchester |
| Ambulance | North West |
| EU Parliament | North West England |
| UK Parliament | Makerfield |
| List of places: UK • England • Greater Manchester | |
Ashton-in-Makerfield is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, Greater Manchester. It is situated 4.2 miles (6.8 km) south of Wigan, 7 miles (11.3 km) north-northwest of Warrington and 16 miles (26 km) west of the city of Manchester. In 2001 it had a population of 28,505.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Ashton-in Makerfield was anciently a township in the parish of Newton- in Makerfield ( as Newton le Willows was once known) Winwick and hundred of West Derby. With neighbouring Haydock, Ashton-in-Makerfield was a chapelry, but the two were split in 1845. The place has long been a centre for the manufacture of locks and hinges, but also sits on the Lancashire Coalfield, and so was a coal mining district.
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Contents
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History
Etymology
The name Ashton derives from Old English and means the "farmstead where the ash-trees grow"; it is a common name and is found locally in Ashton-under-Lyne in Tameside and Ashton upon Mersey in Trafford. The town's name was recorded as Eston in 1212. Later, the suffix "in-Makerfield" was added, which relates the name of an old district of which Ashton was a part; Makerfield derives from the Celtic for a wall or ruin and the Old English word feld, meaning "open land".[1]
Religious history
St Thomas' Church of England parish church on Warrington Road has ancient origins although the present building is barely over 100 years old. The graveyard is the resting place of many of the 189 victims of the Wood Pit explosion (at Haydock on Friday 7 June 1878), the worst coal-mining disaster in Lancashire at the time.
Cave-Browne Church on Heath Road was founded by Protestants from St Thomas' opposed to the High Church ideals brought in by a new Vicar in the 1880s. His introduction of Anglo-Catholic worship caused riots on Gerard Street and he was initially evicted from the town by a mob of miners. He returned backed by troops from Liverpool. Banned from worshipping in the form they had always done, many left and continued a simpler form of worship in a barn off Ashton Heath. Word of their plight reached a Miss Catherine Cave-Browne in London who sent money for a Protestant Mission to be built. The church was built with the official title of Cave-Browne Protestant Institute (Christchurch).
The Park Lane Chapel (see Unitarianism), Wigan Road, Bryn, dates back to 1697, although its congregation was founded in 1662. It is the oldest non-conformist chapel and congregation in the district. By the 19th century Park Lane was only one of nine non-conformist chapels in the area. There was a Baptist, Congregational church (Hilton St), Evangelical (Heath Road), Independent, Independent Methodist (Downall Green Road), Primitive Methodist, Welsh Wesleyan Methodist, and English Wesleyan Methodist chapel.
The Catholic Church of St Oswald and St Edmund Arrowsmith, constructed in 1935, houses the hand of St Edmund Arrowsmith (1585–1628).
Coal mining and heavy industry
Ashton-in-Makerfield was part of the St. Helens Area of the South Lancashire Coalfield. The St Helens Area lay to the South West of the Wigan area and occupied around 60 square miles (160 km2), skirting Wigan, Warrington, Widnes and to within eight miles (13 km) of Liverpool.
In 1867 there were 13 collieries in the district of Ashton-in-Makerfield. Others followed including Brynn Hall Colliery, owned by Edward Frederick Crippin, the Mains and Park Lane Collieries. Park Colliery and some of those open in 1867 (e.g. Garswood Hall) remained productive until the 1950s.[2]
A number of Ashton's coal miners made a significant impact on modern British history, including: Stephen Walsh M.P.; William Keneally, V.C. and Lance-Corporal in the 1st Lancashire Fusiliers; and Joe Gormley, President of the National Union of Mineworkers in the 1970s and 1980s.
In the late nineteenth century, the district was described by one observer as having "extensive collieries, cotton-mills, and potteries", and famed for the manufacture of "hinges, locks, files, and nails".[3] Mills such as the Record Mill (Spinning), situated in York Road, and the Makerfield Mill (the 'Weaving Shed'), in Windsor Road, took over from home-working. Similarly, Thomas Crompton & Sons in Gerard Street, which would eventually employ around 1,200 workers, superseded the subcontracting system that sustained substantial numbers of locally based blacksmiths and other craftsmen.
As recently as the 1970s the district of Ashton-in-Makerfield had one of the highest proportions of derelict land, mainly in the form of spoil tips, left over from coal mining.[4] Major land reclamation schemes have since completely transformed the area.
Governance
Before 1894 Ashton-in-Makerfield was a township in the parish of Winwick, part of the West Derby Hundred of Lancashire. By an Act in 1845 and the division of the Parish of Winwick, Holy Trinity Church, Downall Green, was made the principal parish church and St. Thomas' made a parish church in the same Act, both being part of the Diocese of Liverpool. By the Local Government Act 1894 Ashton-in-Makerfield was made an urban district.
In 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, the district was split administratively with Seneley Green Parish, containing Garswood, Pewfall and Downall Green, going to the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens in Merseyside, and the rest going to the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan in Greater Manchester. After 1986 its administration comes under Wigan Unitary Authority. However, Ashton in Makerfield is a town in its own right and is regarded as a "standalone urban area" in the Government National Statistics,
The section of Ashton-in-Makerfield within the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan creates the Bryn & Ashton Township, consisting of the six 'neighbourhoods' of Bryn, Ashton, Ashton Heath, Landgate, Stubshaw Cross and Town Green, and one of the ten areas into which Wigan Metropolitan Borough has been divided for consultation purposes. Each township has a forum, with some influence over the provision of municipal services.
Geography
The wider district of Ashton-in-Makerfield consists of Town Green, Stubshaw Cross, Bryn, Downall Green, Garswood and the Parish of Seneley Green.
Railway Transport
Ashton-in-Makerfield railway station closed in 1952. The town is now served by Bryn railway station on the line between Wigan (North Western) and Liverpool (Lime St.).
Demography
Further information: Demography of Greater Manchester
Population change
| Population growth in Ashton-in-Makerfield since 1901 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 1901 | 1911 | 1921 | 1931 | 1939 | 1951 | 1961 | 2001 |
| Population | 18,687 | 21,543 | 22,475 | 20,546 | 18,736 | 19,057 | 19,262 | 28,505 |
| Source: A Vision of Britain through Time[5] | ||||||||
Present day
A market is held on the market square off Garswood Street on Tuesdays and Saturdays.
Ashton's local semi-pro football clubs are Ashton Athletic F.C. and Ashton Town A.F.C.. Garswood United F.C. is also nearby.
Cromptons, the hinge and fasteners making factory in Ashton-in-Makerfield, has closed and is now demolished. A shopping centre called The Gerard Centre now stands in its place.
The Hingemakers Arms public house, on Heath Road, is the only one in the world known to carry that name. It was run by the Corless family for decades until Walter Corless' retirement in 2006. The Hinge, as it is known by its clientele, is now owned and operated by a consortium of local businessmen.
The site now occupied by Byrchall and St Edmund Arrowsmiths High schools was the location of a second world war POW camp, Camp 50.
Education
Ashton-in-Makerfield has three secondary schools: Cansfield High School; Byrchall High School and St Edmund Arrowsmith Catholic High School.
In November 2008, Wigan council released proposals to merge Cansfield High and Byrchall High into one school.
Notable people
People either born or brought up in Ashton-in-Makerfield, or have had some significant connection with the town during their life, include:
- June Croft, Ashton-born swimmer, won silver and bronze medals in the 1980 and 1984 Olympics respectively
- Joe Gormley, president of the National Union of Mineworkers, 1971–1982
- Ian Gregson, Paralympic athlete, author
- Harold Wood, runner at the Olympic Games in 1928, 1932 and 1936
References
Notes
- ^ Mills, A.D. (2003), A Dictionary of British Place-Names: Ashton (Subscription required), Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-852758-6, http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t40.e595&category=
- ^ source: Coal Mining History Resource Centre
- ^ Bartholomew, John (1887), Gazetteer of the British Isles, ISBN 0-00-448835-0, http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/place_writing.jsp?p_id=245
- ^ source: Longman Atlas of Modern British History (1978)
- ^ "Census 2001 Key Statistics - Urban area results by population size of urban area", ons.gov.uk (Office for National Statistics): KS01 Usual resident population
, 22 July 2004, http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152, retrieved 22 September 2009
Bibliography
- James, Gary (2005), The Official Manchester City Hall of Fame, Hamlyn, ISBN 0-600-61282-1
External links
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