Astragalus propinquus
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Astragalus propinquus
| Astragalus propinquus | |
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| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Genus: | Astragalus |
| Species: | A. propinquus |
| Binomial name | |
| Astragalus propinquus Schischkin[1] |
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| Synonyms | |
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Astragalus propinquus (syn. Astragalus membranaceus[clarification needed]) also known as huáng qí (yellow leader) (simplified Chinese: 黄芪; traditional Chinese: 黃芪) or běi qí (Chinese: 北芪), huáng hua huáng qí (Chinese: 黄花黄耆),[2] is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine.[3] It is a perennial plant and it is not listed as being threatened.[1]
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Contents
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Use
Herbalism
A. propinquus is used in traditional Chinese medicine for healing and for diabetes.[4] A. propinquus has been asserted to be a tonic that can improve the functioning of the lungs, adrenal glands and the gastrointestinal tract, increase metabolism and sweating, promote healing, and reduce fatigue.[5][medical citation needed]
Related species
The natural gum tragacanth, which is used in pharmaceuticals and textiles, is obtained from Astragalus tragacanthus.[6]
Chemistry
An extract of A. propinquus called TA-65 can activate telomerase, extending the lengths of the shortest telomeres which protect the terminal DNA at the ends of all chromosomes.[7] The active constituents of the roots (Radix Astragali) include polysaccharides, triterpenoids (astragalosides)[8] as well as isoflavones (including calycosin and formononetin) along with their glycosides and malonates.[9]
Toxicology
Other Astragalus spp. are known to cause severe poisonings in livestock due to indolizine alkaloids, aliphatic nitro compounds and accumulated selenium.[10] None of these constituents have been detected in the medicinal species Astragalus membranaceus used in dietary supplements and TCM preparations.[11]
Compendial status
A. propinquus is listed in the following official Pharmacopeia:
- Japanese Pharmacopoeia[12]
See also
Notes & references
- ^ a b c "Astragalus propinquus Schischkin". LegumeWeb. International Legume Database & Information Service. 2005-11-01. http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb?version~10.01&LegumeWeb&tno~16104&genus~Astragalus&species~propinquus. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
- ^ Joe Hing Kwok Chu. "Huang qi". Complementary and Alternative Healing University. http://alternativehealing.org/huang_qi.htm. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
- ^ "Astragalus membranaceus - Moench.". Plants for a Future. http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Astragalus+membranaceus.
- ^ "Astragalus". University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC). 2007. http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/astragalus-000223.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-21.
- ^ Balch, P. (2006). Prescription for Nutritional Healing (4th ed.). Avery Penguin Putnam. ISBN 978-1-58333-236-8.
- ^ Gentry, H. S.; Mittleman, M.; McCrohan, P. R. (1990). "Introduction of Chia and Gum Tragacanth in the U.S.". Purdue University Crop Index. Purdue University. http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1990/v1-252.html. Retrieved 2012-02-26.
- ^ Harley, C. B.; Liu, W.; Blasco, M.; Vera, E.; Andrews, W. H.; Briggs, L. A.; Raffaele, J. M. (2011). "A Natural Product Telomerase Activator As Part of a Health Maintenance Program". Rejuvenation Research 14 (1): 45–56. doi:10.1089/rej.2010.1085. PMC 3045570. PMID 20822369. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3045570.
- ^ Xu, Q.; Ma, X.; Liang, X. (2007). "Determination of Astragalosides in the Roots of Astragalus spp. Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry". Phytochemical Analysis 18 (5): 419–427. doi:10.1002/pca.997. PMID 17624885.
- ^ Lin, L. Z.; He, X. G.; Lindenmaier, M.; Nolan, G.; Yang, J.; Cleary, M.; Qiu, S. X.; Cordell, G. A. (2000). "Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Study of the Flavonoids of the Roots of Astragalus mongholicus and A. membranaceus". Journal of Chromatography A 876 (1–2): 87–95. PMID 10823504.
- ^ Rios, J. L.; Waterman, P. G. (1997). "A Review of the Pharmacology and Toxicology of Astragalus". Phytotherapy Research 11 (6): 411–418. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199709)11:6<411::AID-PTR132>3.0.CO;2-6. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/%28SICI%291099-1573%28199709%2911:6%3C411::AID-PTR132%3E3.0.CO;2-6/abstract.
- ^ "Astragalus". WebMD. http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-963-ASTRAGALUS.aspx?activeIngredientId=963&activeIngredientName=ASTRAGALUS.
- ^ Japanese Pharmacopoeia (15th ed.). http://jpdb.nihs.go.jp/jp15e/JP15.pdf.
External links
- "Astragalus membranaceus - Moench.". Plants for a Future. http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Astragalus+membranaceus.
- "Astragalus membranaceus (FISCH. EX LINK) BUNGE - Fabaceae". Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. ARS / GRIN. http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/plantdisp.xsql?taxon=140.
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