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Activating transcription factor 6, also known as ATF6, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ATF6 gene[1][2][3] and is involved in unfolded protein response.
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Function
ATF6 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-regulated transmembrane transcription factor that activates the transcription of ER molecules.[4] Accumulation of misfolded proteins in the Endoplasmic Reticulum results in the proteolytic cleavage of ATF6. The cytosolic portion of ATF6 will move to the nucleus and act as a transcription factor to cause the transcription of ER chaperones.
See also
Interactions
ATF6 has been shown to interact with YY1[5] and Serum response factor.[2]
References
- ^ Hai TW, Liu F, Coukos WJ, Green MR (December 1989). "Transcription factor ATF cDNA clones: an extensive family of leucine zipper proteins able to selectively form DNA-binding heterodimers". Genes Dev. 3 (12B): 2083–90. doi:. PMID 2516827.
- ^ a b Zhu C, Johansen FE, Prywes R (September 1997). "Interaction of ATF6 and serum response factor". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (9): 4957–66. PMID 9271374. PMC 232347. http://mcb.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/17/9/4957.
- ^ Meex SJ, van Greevenbroek MM, Ayoubi TA, Vlietinck R, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Hofker MH, Vermeulen VM, Schalkwijk CG, Feskens EJ, Boer JM, Stehouwer CD, van der Kallen CJ, de Bruin TW (July 2007). "Activating transcription factor 6 polymorphisms and haplotypes are associated with impaired glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes in Dutch Caucasians". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 92 (7): 2720–5. doi:. PMID 17440018.
- ^ "Entrez Gene: ATF6 activating transcription factor 6". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=22926.
- ^ Li, M; Baumeister P, Roy B, Phan T, Foti D, Luo S, Lee A S (Jul. 2000). "ATF6 as a transcription activator of the endoplasmic reticulum stress element: thapsigargin stress-induced changes and synergistic interactions with NF-Y and YY1". Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 20 (14): 5096–106. ISSN 0270-7306. PMID 10866666.
Further reading
- Hai T, Hartman MG (2001). "The molecular biology and nomenclature of the activating transcription factor/cAMP responsive element binding family of transcription factors: activating transcription factor proteins and homeostasis.". Gene 273 (1): 1–11. doi:. PMID 11483355.
- Hai TW, Liu F, Coukos WJ, Green MR (1990). "Transcription factor ATF cDNA clones: an extensive family of leucine zipper proteins able to selectively form DNA-binding heterodimers.". Genes Dev. 3 (12B): 2083–90. doi:. PMID 2516827.
- Zhu C, Johansen FE, Prywes R (1997). "Interaction of ATF6 and serum response factor.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (9): 4957–66. PMID 9271374.
- Yoshida H, Haze K, Yanagi H, et al. (1999). "Identification of the cis-acting endoplasmic reticulum stress response element responsible for transcriptional induction of mammalian glucose-regulated proteins. Involvement of basic leucine zipper transcription factors.". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (50): 33741–9. doi:. PMID 9837962.
- Haze K, Yoshida H, Yanagi H, et al. (1999). "Mammalian transcription factor ATF6 is synthesized as a transmembrane protein and activated by proteolysis in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress.". Mol. Biol. Cell 10 (11): 3787–99. PMID 10564271.
- Li M, Baumeister P, Roy B, et al. (2000). "ATF6 as a transcription activator of the endoplasmic reticulum stress element: thapsigargin stress-induced changes and synergistic interactions with NF-Y and YY1.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 20 (14): 5096–106. doi:. PMID 10866666.
- Yoshida H, Okada T, Haze K, et al. (2001). "Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced formation of transcription factor complex ERSF including NF-Y (CBF) and activating transcription factors 6alpha and 6beta that activates the mammalian unfolded protein response.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 21 (4): 1239–48. doi:. PMID 11158310.
- Ye J, Rawson RB, Komuro R, et al. (2001). "ER stress induces cleavage of membrane-bound ATF6 by the same proteases that process SREBPs.". Mol. Cell 6 (6): 1355–64. doi:. PMID 11163209.
- Parker R, Phan T, Baumeister P, et al. (2001). "Identification of TFII-I as the endoplasmic reticulum stress response element binding factor ERSF: its autoregulation by stress and interaction with ATF6.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 21 (9): 3220–33. doi:. PMID 11287625.
- Gotoh T, Oyadomari S, Mori K, Mori M (2002). "Nitric oxide-induced apoptosis in RAW 264.7 macrophages is mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway involving ATF6 and CHOP.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (14): 12343–50. doi:. PMID 11805088.
- Chen X, Shen J, Prywes R (2002). "The luminal domain of ATF6 senses endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and causes translocation of ATF6 from the ER to the Golgi.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (15): 13045–52. doi:. PMID 11821395.
- Thuerauf DJ, Morrison LE, Hoover H, Glembotski CC (2002). "Coordination of ATF6-mediated transcription and ATF6 degradation by a domain that is shared with the viral transcription factor, VP16.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (23): 20734–9. doi:. PMID 11909875.
- Okada T, Yoshida H, Akazawa R, et al. (2002). "Distinct roles of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) in transcription during the mammalian unfolded protein response.". Biochem. J. 366 (Pt 2): 585–94. doi:. PMID 12014989.
- Luo S, Lee AS (2002). "Requirement of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathway for the induction of the 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein/immunoglobulin heavy-chain binding protein by azetidine stress: activating transcription factor 6 as a target for stress-induced phosphorylation.". Biochem. J. 366 (Pt 3): 787–95. doi:. PMID 12076252.
- Tardif KD, Mori K, Siddiqui A (2002). "Hepatitis C virus subgenomic replicons induce endoplasmic reticulum stress activating an intracellular signaling pathway.". J. Virol. 76 (15): 7453–9. doi:. PMID 12097557.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:. PMID 12477932.
- Shuda M, Kondoh N, Imazeki N, et al. (2004). "Activation of the ATF6, XBP1 and grp78 genes in human hepatocellular carcinoma: a possible involvement of the ER stress pathway in hepatocarcinogenesis.". J. Hepatol. 38 (5): 605–14. doi:. PMID 12713871.
- Okada T, Haze K, Nadanaka S, et al. (2003). "A serine protease inhibitor prevents endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cleavage but not transport of the membrane-bound transcription factor ATF6.". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (33): 31024–32. doi:. PMID 12782636.
- Newman JR, Keating AE (2003). "Comprehensive identification of human bZIP interactions with coiled-coil arrays.". Science 300 (5628): 2097–101. doi:. PMID 12805554.
External links
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
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