- Location: Greece, USA
- Variant names:
Athínai
Greece: according to legend, the gods of Olympus proclaimed that a city founded by Cecrops, a Phoenician, should be named after the god who could produce the most valuable legacy for mortals. Athena (in Latin, Minerva), goddess of war, produced an olive tree, the symbol of peace and prosperity; Poseidon, god of the sea, produced a horse, a symbol of strength and endurance (although it is also said that he caused a spring of salt water to flow on the Acropolis having struck it with his trident). The gods chose Athena. The actual origin of the name is unknown, but it may be associated with
akté 'beach' or 'raised place (from the sea)'. The city was destroyed by the Persians in 480 bc, captured by the Romans in 86 bc, sacked by a Germanic tribe, the Heruli, in 267, and captured by the Crusaders in 1204. It fell to the Ottoman Turks after a siege in 1458; they held it until 1829 (and the Acropolis until 1833). It then became the capital of the newly independent Kingdom of Greece.