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Auray

 
 
Columbia Encyclopedia: Auray
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Auray (ôrā'), town (1990 pop. 10,323), Morbihan dept., NW France, in Brittany, on the Auray River estuary. Oysters are bred, food is canned, and furniture is manufactured. Nearby the decisive battle of the War of the Breton Succession took place (1364). On the Champ des Martyrs, also near Auray, some 800 royalists, who had landed at Quiberon, were massacred (1795). North of the town is the famous Basilica of Sainte-Anne-d'Auray, built in Renaissance style in the 19th cent. Pilgrimages to the shrine have occurred every July 26 since the 17th cent., when a peasant, Yves Nicolazic, claimed to have seen a vision of St. Anne.

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Wikipedia: Auray
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Coordinates: 47°40′07″N 2°58′53″W / 47.66861°N 2.98139°W / 47.66861; -2.98139

Commune of Auray
An Alre
Dscn5043-auray.jpg
The harbour of Auray
Location
Paris plan pointer b jms.gif
Map highlighting the commune of
Coordinates 47°40′07″N 2°58′53″W / 47.66861°N 2.98139°W / 47.66861; -2.98139
Administration
Country France
Region Bretagne
Department Morbihan
Arrondissement Lorient
Canton Auray
Intercommunality Pays d'Auray
Mayor Michel Le Scouarnec
(2008–2014)
Statistics
Elevation 0–43 m (0–140 ft)
(avg. 37 m/120 ft)
Land area1 6.91 km2 (2.67 sq mi)
Population2 10,911  (1999)
 - Density 1,579 /km² (4,090 /sq mi)
Miscellaneous
INSEE/Postal code 56007/ 56400
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.
2 Population sans doubles comptes: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Auray (Breton: An alre) is a is a commune located in the Morbihan department of France. Inhabitants of Auray are called Alréens.

Contents

Geography

The city is surrounded by the communes of Crac'h to the south and west, Brech to the north and Pluneret to the east. It is crossed by the Loch, a small coastal river which flows into the Gulf of Morbihan. The town is high on the west bank of the river Auray on the edge of the Armorican plateau which is cut deeply by the river. The port of Saint-Goustan is also in the valley, east of the River.

Communications

The port

Main article: Saint-Goustan

The port of Saint-Goustan is the site of the original town. It is located on the River Auray at the highest tidal reach of the river that ships can access. It was open to ships until the nineteenth century and was also a trading port which was particularly active in its routes with Spain and Britain. The decline of trade in the port began with the arrival of the railway in 1862 and today it is a marina and port of call on tours of the Gulf of Morbihan.[1]

Roads

Saint-Goustan, located in the lower town, is the first point at which the river can be bridged on the coastal road between Vannes and Quimper. Downstream, the River Auray is wide and steep.[2] Upstream, the marshes of the Loch valley makes passage difficult to Tréauray which is 4 km to the north. The Roman road from Lyon to Gésocribate (Le Conquet) via Nantes, passes the commune.

In the mid-19th century, the construction of a new road on an embankment on the marshes of Loch allowed direct access to the town from Vannes. In 1950, the Vannes-Lorient route nationale bypassed the centre of Auray to the north. In 1989, the four-carriageway Kerplouz viaduct was built on the RN165 over the Auray river downstream from St. Goustan. This rid the town of transit traffic, and created an industrial area south of the city centre.

Railways

Auray railway station is located on the Savenay - Landerneau line and marks the end of the Auray - Quiberon line. The station was inauguerated at the opening of the Rennes - Redon and the Savenay - Landerneau lines on 26 September 1862.

On 18 December, 2864, a rail link to Pontivy was opened. The building of the Pontivy - Saint-Brieuc section in 1872 completed a route that crosses Brittany from the south to the north. The Pontivy - Auray section was closed to passenger traffic on 2 October 1949 but is still used for transporting goods.[3]

On 24 July 1882, the Auray-Quiberon line was opened. This line, known as the Tire-bouchon (French: Corkscrew) is currently only operated in the summer.

Timbered house in the town centre

Auray train station is located more than 2 km north of the town centre because of the problem of building a viaduct crossing the Loch valley. A new area was developed in the late 19th century along the road from Brech which has a junction with the Lorient road at the northern exit of the town next to the station. In particular, the Saint-Goustan port trading companies created premises there. The establishment of a train depot and a maintenance workshop for locomotives in the early 20th century attracted a greater workforce.[4]

Today, the station is served by the Paris - Rennes - Quimper TGV and Brittany TER. In the summer, the station experiences a significant increase in activity; it is one of the boarding points for the car-train service and the Auray - Quiberon line has been reopened to passenger traffic. The freight business is very small as it is everywhere in Morbihan.[5]

History

The town hall

The Battle of Auray on 29 September 1364 was the last of the Breton War of Succession. Kerblois, the place at which Charles de Blois died in Brech is marked by a crucifix.

In 1632, sailors departed from the port of Saint-Goustan to re-capture the town of Port Royal in Acadia on behalf of Cardinal Richelieu.

Benjamin Franklin arrived at the port of Saint-Goustan on 3 December 1776 at the beginning of the US War of Independence to seek military aid from Louis XVI.

In 1795, after the failure of the Quiberon Expedition, part of the royalist Chouannerie rebellion, and the surrender of the Armée des émigrés ordered by Sombreuil on 21 July, most prisoners were transferred to Auray. After a summary trial by a military commission made up of citizens of the town, 750 peo[ple were shot and buried in a meadow in Brech on the western shore of the Loch, now called the Champ des martyrs French: Martyrs' field. In 1829, their bones were exhumed and deposited in the vault of a memorial chapel at the Auray monastery.

The railway station was strategically important during the Second World War. Concrete used to build bunkers on the region's beaches travelled through the station. After the war, the collection of military scrap material led to the creation of business in Pi-park.

Heraldry

Blason ville fr Auray.svg

Auray's historic coat of arms: A shield of or and azure lozenges.

Blason ville fr Auray (Morbihan) .svg

Auray's modern coat of arms: A field of gules, a stoat running with a floating scarf of ermine. A charge of azure with three fleur-de-lis of or.

Demographics

Change in population
1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999
8118 8449 10256 9892 10323 10911
From the year 1962 on: population without double counting—residents of multiple communes (e.g. students and military personnel) only counted once.

Language

Main article: Breton language

Historically, the people of Auray have spoken the Vannes dialect of Breton but the citizens spoke French from the eighteenth century onwards. Breton was used for preaching in Auray parishes until the 1930s. In September 2007, 3.4% of children enrolled in primary schools in the town were bilingual.[6]

Sites and monuments

The Pont-Neuf bridge
  • The port of Saint-Goustan.
  • The church of St Gildas. Built in 1636 and classified as a historic monument, it contains an altar-piece from Laval and a 19th-century organ.
  • The Chapel of the Holy Spirit. Built in the thirteenth century, it is the last remnant of the headquarters of the Montpellier Ordre du Saint-Esprit. In the fourteenth century, this Maison Magistrale Conventuelle et Hospitalière du Saint-Esprit à Auray, referred to in 1289 by Jean Monette, would become one of the major houses in France and, under his authority, one of some fifty foundations. In 1762, Pope Clement XIII abolished the Ordre du Saint-Esprit. Auray installed the headquarters of a general hospital on the site and later, in 1790, a military hospital. In the early 19th century, what remains of the buildings was converted into a barracks. Restoration work took place from 1990-1994 which returned the chapel to its earlier form and it has taken the name of Caserne Dugesclin. The restoration has allowed the building to regain its original form: a unique space of five spans and a shape uncommon to Brittany. The building was classed as a historical monument on 4 November 1982.
  • The Town Hall, built in the 18th century has been a historical monument since 1963.[7]
  • The church of Saint-Sauveur. Built in the 19th century (its door dates to the fifteenth century), it contains a model battleship armory dating from 1865.[8]
The Chapel of Notre-Dame-de-Lourdes
  • The Chapel of Notre-Dame-de-Lourdes (1862-1878).
  • The Saint-Goustan bridge. The first mention of a stone bridge linking the lower town to the upper is from the thirteenth century. In 1464, after its rebuilding, it was renamed Pont Neuf. Its final form dates to 1752 and its last restoration was in 1983. A toll-house building is on the right-hand-side.
  • The Chazelles fountain. Located on the Martin dock, it dates from 1821 and was used to supply water to people and passing boats.
  • The Auray monastery, north of the Auray railway station, is in Brech.

Personalities associated with the commune

  • Roland Becker, a traditional Breton musician, was born in Auray.
  • Alain Lanty, pianist, composer and performer, was born in Auray.
  • Georges Cadoudal, head of the Chouan during the French Revolution, was born in Kerléano which is today in Auray, but which was in the Brech parish at the time of his birth.
  • Philippe Gildas, TV presenter, was born in Auray .
  • Ulrich Le Pen, a footballer, was born in Auray.
  • Marcel Mettenhoven, the landscape painter, was born and died in Auray.
  • Ballerat Georges, (1902-2000), a landscape painter, died in Auray.

Twinning

Auray is twinned with Ussel, France, Utting, Germany and Castlebar, Ireland.

Sport

Since 1985, the city has hosted the Open Super 12 in February, an international tennis tournament. Some well-known players have taken part, including Amélie Mauresmo, Olivier Rochus, Justine Henin-Hardenne, Kim Clijsters, Rafael Nadal, Paul-Henri Mathieu, Richard Gasquet, Dinara Safina and Alize Cornet.

Auray received the start of the second stage of the Tour de France 6 July 2008.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Auray". France for visitors. http://www.france-for-visitors.com/brittany/south/auray.html. Retrieved 2008-09-08. 
  2. ^ A Pont de Caesar (English: Caesar's bridge) on the Auray river at Plessis-Kaer is often mentioned, but this is probably a legend; there is now no trace of access roads. Crac'h website
  3. ^ The Auray-Loudeac railway
  4. ^ The Auray railway station
  5. ^ April 2008 letter from the Prefecture dealing with Morbihan transport
  6. ^ Data on bilingualism in Brittany
  7. ^ The Auray Town Hall on French culture website
  8. ^ The Church of Saint-Sauveur on French culture website

External links


This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

 
 
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battle of Auray
Charles of Blois (English royalty)
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