Automotive lamp types
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Automotive lamp types
A modern vehicle uses different kinds of lamps for multiple purposes: illumination for the driver to be able to drive in dark conditions, illumination to be seen and lights for information displays. Types of these lamps vary depending on the purpose and different car manufacturers and models use different types, with lamp bases adapted for vibration. The types of lamp approved and the bulb designations used vary in different parts of the world.
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Contents
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Europe
Filament lamps
Beginning in 1958, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) standardized the following three groups of filament bulb categories to be used in vehicles and trailers sold in Europe.[1] Some ECE-approved bulb types are also permitted by other regulations, such as those of the United States or of Japan—though Japan has adopted ECE regulations.
| Category | Filaments | Nominal power (High/Low beam where applicable) |
Comments & Approvals |
Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| R2 | 2 | 6V & 12V: 45/40W 24V: 55/50W |
ECE P45t-41 base |
 |
| H1 | 1 | 6V & 12V: 55W 24V: 70W |
ECE, USA, Japan P14.5s base |
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| H3 | 1 | 6V & 12V: 55W 24V: 70W |
ECE, USA, Japan PK22s base |
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| H4 | 2 | 6V & 12V: 60/55W 24V: 75/70W |
ECE, Japan P43t-38 base US designation 9003/HB2[2] |
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| H7 | 1 | 12V: 55W 24V: 70W |
ECE, USA, Japan PX26d base |
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| H8 | 1 | 12V: 35W | ECE, USA PGJ19-1 90° base |
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| H8B | 1 | 12V: 35W | ECE, USA PGJY19-1 socketless base |
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| H9 | 1 | 12V: 65W | ECE, USA PGJ19-5 90° base |
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| H9B | 1 | 12V: 65W | ECE, USA PGJY19-5 socketless base |
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| H10 | 1 | 12V: 42W | ECE, USA PY20d 90° base |
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| H11 | 1 | 12V: 55W 24V: 70W |
ECE, USA PGJ19-2 90° base |
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| H11B | 1 | 12V: 55W 24V: 70W |
ECE, USA PGJY19-2 socketless base |
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| H12 | 1 | 12V: 53W | ECE, USA PZ20d 90° base |
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| H13 | 2 | 12V: 60/55W | ECE, USA P26.4t 180° base |
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| H13A | 2 | 12V: 60/55W | ECE, USA PJ26.4t 90° base |
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| H14 | 2 | 12V: 60/55W | ECE, Japan P38t base |
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| H15 | 2 | 12V: 55/15W 15W filament for DRL function |
ECE, USA PGJ23t-1 socketless base |
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| H21W | 1 | 12V & 24V: 21W | ECE BAY9s base |
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| H27W/1 | 1 | 12V: 27W | ECE US designation: 880 PG13 180° base |
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| H27W/2 | 1 | 12V: 27W | ECE US designation: 881 PGJ13 90° base |
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| HB3 | 1 | 12V: 60W | ECE, USA P20d 90° base |
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| HB3A | 1 | 12V: 60W | ECE, USA P20d 180° base |
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| HB4 | 1 | 12V: 51W | ECE, USA P22d 90° base |
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| HB4A | 1 | 12V: 51W | ECE, USA P22d 180° base |
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| HIR1 | 1 | 12V: 60W | ECE, USA PX20d 90° base |
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| HIR2 | 1 | 12V: 55W | ECE, USA PX22d 90° base |
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| HS1 | 2 | 6V & 12V: 35/35W | ECE PX43t base |
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| HS2 | 1 | 6V & 12V: 15W | ECE PX13.5s |
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| HS5 | 2 | 12V: 35/35W | ECE P23t base for motorcycles |
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| HS6 | 2 | 12V: 40/35W | ECE PX26.4t base |
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| PX24W | 1 | 12V: 24W | ECE PGU20-7 base |
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| PSX24W | 1 | 12V: 24W | ECE PG20-7 base |
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| S2 | 2 | 6V & 12V: 35/35W | ECE BA20d base for motorcycles |
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| S3 | 2 | 6V & 12V: 15W | ECE P26s base for mopeds |
| Category | Cap (Base) | Filaments | Nominal Power (Major/Minor where applicable) |
Comments | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C5W | SV8.5 | 1 | 6V, 12V, 24V: 5W | Old designation: C11 |  |
| H6W | BAX9s | 1 | 12V: 6W |  |
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| HY6W | BAZ9s | 1 | 12V: 6W | Amber | |
| HY21W | BAW9s | 1 | 12V & 24V: 21W | Amber | |
| P13W | PG18.5d-1 | 1 | 12V: 13W | ||
| P19W | PGU20-1 | 1 | 12V: 19W | ||
| PR19W | PGU20-5 | 1 | 12V: 19W | Red | |
| PY19W | PGU20-2 | 1 | 12V: 19W | Amber | |
| PS19W | PG20-1 | 1 | 12V: 19W | ||
| PSR19W | PG20-5 | 1 | 12V: 19W | Red | |
| PSY19W | PG20-2 | 1 | 12V: 19W | Amber | |
| P21W | BA15s | 1 | 6V, 12V, 24V: 21W | Old designation: P25-1 |  |
| PR21W | BAW15s | 1 | 12V & 24V: 21W | Red | |
| PY21W | BAU15s | 1 | 12V & 24V: 21W | Amber | |
| P21/4W | BAZ15d | 2 | 12V & 24V: 21/4W | ||
| PR21/4W | BAU15d | 2 | 12V & 24V: 21/4W | Red | |
| P21/5W | BAY15d | 2 | 6V, 12V, 24V: 21/5W | Old designation: P25-2 |  |
| PR21/5W | BAW15d | 2 | 12V & 24V: 21/5W | Red | |
| P24W | PGU20-3 | 1 | 12V: 24W | ||
| PR24W | PGU20-6 | 1 | 12V: 24W | Red | |
| PY24W | PGU20-4 | 1 | 12V: 24W | Amber | |
| PH24WY | 1 | 12V: 24W | Amber |  |
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| PS24W | PG20-3 | 1 | 12V: 24W | ||
| PSR24W | PG20-6 | 1 | 12V: 24W | Red | |
| PSY24W | PG20-4 | 1 | 12V: 24W | Amber |  |
| P27W | W2.5x16d | 1 | 12V: 27W | ||
| P27/7W | W2.5x16q | 2 | 12V: 27/7W | US designation: "3157" |  |
| PR27/7W | WU2.5x16 | 2 | 12V: 27/7W | Red | |
| PY27/7W | WX2.5x16q | 2 | 12V: 27/7W | Amber US variant: "3757A" |
 |
| R5W | BA15s | 1 | 6V, 12V, 24V: 5W | Old designation: R19/5 |  |
| RR5W | BAW15s | 1 | 12V & 24V: 5W | Red | |
| R10W | BA15s | 1 | 6V, 12V, 24V: 10W | Old designation: R19/10 |  |
| RR10W | BAW15s | 1 | 12V & 24V: 10W | Red | |
| RY10W | BAU15s | 1 | 6V, 12V, 24V: 10W | Amber | |
| T1.4W | P11.5d | 1 | 12V: 1.4W | ||
| T4W | BA9s | 1 | 6V, 12V, 24V: 4W | Old designation: T8/4 |  |
| W2.3W | W2x4.6d | 1 | 12V: 2.3W | ||
| WY2.3W | W2x4.6d | 1 | 12V: 2.3W | Amber | |
| W3W | W2.1x9.5d | 1 | 6V, 12V, 24V: 3W | Old designation: W10/3 | |
| W5W | W2.1x9.5d | 1 | 6V, 12V, 24V: 5W | Old designation: W10/5 |  |
| WR5W | W2.1x9.5d | 1 | 12V & 24V: 5W | Red | |
| WY5W | W2.1x9.5d | 1 | 6V, 12V, 24V: 5W | Amber | |
| W15/5W | WZ3x16q | 2 | 12V: 15/5W | for motorcycles | |
| W16W | W2.1x9.5d | 1 | 12V: 16W | US designation: "921" |  |
| W21W | W3x16d | 1 | 12V: 21W | US designation: 7440 |  |
| WY21W | WX3x16d | 1 | 12V: 21W | Amber US designation: 7440NA |
 |
| WP21W | WY2.5x16d | 1 | 12V: 21W | ||
| WPY21W | WZ2.5x16d | 1 | 12V: 21W | Amber | |
| W21/5W | W3x16q | 2 | 12V: 21/5W US designation: 7443 |
||
| WR21/5W | WY3x16q | 2 | 12V: 21/5W | Red |
| Category | Cap (Base) | Filaments | Nominal power | Comments | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C21W | SV8.5 | 1 | 12V: 21W | Old designation: C15, for reversing lamp only |
|
| S1 | BA20d | 2 | 6V & 12V: 25/25W | for motorcycles |
High-intensity discharge lamps
UNECE has also standardized high-intensity discharge (HID) ("xenon") lamps.[3]
| Category | Cap (Base) | Nominal power | Comments & approvals | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| D1R | PK32d-3 | 85V/35W | ECE, USA Integral ignitor, for reflector systems |
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| D1S | PK32d-2 | 85V/35W | ECE, USA Integral ignitor, for projector systems |
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| D2R | P32d-3 | 85V/35W | ECE, USA For reflector systems |
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| D2S | P32d-2 | 85V/35W | ECE, USA For projector systems |
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| D3R | PK32d-6 | 42V/35W | ECE, USA Mercury-free, integral ignitor, for reflector systems |
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| D3S | PK32d-5 | 42V/35W | ECE, USA Mercury-free, integral ignitor, for projector systems |
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| D4R | P32d-6 | 42V/35W | ECE, USA Mercury-free, for reflector systems |
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| D4S | P32d-5 | 42V/35W | ECE, USA Mercury-free, for projector systems |
The wattage rate of all standardized HID ballasts is 12V/35W.
Old types
This section lists lamp types withdrawn from ECE Regulation 37, so are no longer permitted in lamps or vehicles submitted for new type approvals, but which may still be produced for service replacement on older lamps.
| Category | Filaments | Nominal power | Comments | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2[4] | 1 | 12V/55W |  |
Germany
Beside the ECE Regulations there are some national regulations in Germany for vehicle bulbs. This regulations are predecessor of the ECE Regulations, but are still in effect. Interchangeable light sources of facilities which have to meet design specifications are required to conform to an official approved design. That is written in § 22a, Subsection 1, No. 18 of the "Straßenverkehrs-Zulassungs-Ordnung (StVZO)"[5] road traffic admission regulation. As per the "Fahrzeugteileverordnung (FzTV)" vehicle parts regulation from August 12th, 1998, published in the "Bundesgesetzblatt (BGBl.)"[6] federal law publication (BGBl. I S. 2142), lastly changed by Article 6 of the regulation from October 22nd, 2003 (BGBl. I S. 2085), such light bulbs have to have an approval mark, which starts with a sine wave and the letter 'K'. Complementary to the StVZO the "Technische Anforderungen (TA) an Fahrzeugteile as per § 22a StVZO"[7] technological requirements for vehicle parts refers to DIN[8] specifications.
| Category | Nominal power | Filaments | Cap (Base) | Comments | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Form K (DIN 72601, Part 4) | 6V, 10W | 1 | SV8,5-8 | 11x41mm | |
| Form K (DIN 72601, Part 4) | 12V, 10W | 1 | SV8,5-8 | 11x41mm | |
| Form K (DIN 72601, Part 6) | 6V, 18W | 1 | SV8,5-8 | 15x41mm | |
| Form K (DIN 72601, Part 6) | 12V, 18W | 1 | SV8,5-8 | 15x41mm | |
| Form K (DIN 72601, Part 6) | 24V, 18W | 1 | SV8,5-8 | 15x41mm | |
| Form R (DIN 72601, Part 6) | 6V, 18W | 1 | BA15s | ||
| Form R (DIN 72601, Part 6) | 12V, 18W | 1 | BA15s | ||
| Form R (DIN 72601, Part 6) | 24V, 18W | 1 | BA15s | ||
| Form S (DIN 72601, Part 7) | 6V, 18/5W | 2 | BAY15s | ||
| Form S (DIN 72601, Part 7) | 12V, 18/5W | 2 | BAY15s | ||
| Form S (DIN 72601, Part 7) | 24V, 18/5W | 2 | BAY15s |
United States
Internationally-approved bulb designs are not necessarily allowed in the United States, which does not recognize international ECE Regulations. Bulb types allowed for use in headlamps in the United States are individually approved by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) after a manufacturer submits all critical data on the bulb required by the provisions of 49CFR564.[9] The allowable types of bulbs (officially known as "replaceable light sources") are filed in a NHTSA Docket.[10]
| Category | Cap (Base) | Filaments | Nominal power @ 12.8v (High/Low beam where applicable) |
Comments | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HB1 (9004) | P29t | 2 | 65/45W[10] | ||
| HB2 (9003) | P43t-38 | 2 | 60/55W | European H4 w/strict geometric tolerance & lower max output |
|
| HB3 (9005) | P20d (90°) | 1 | 65W | ||
| HB3A (9005XS) | P20d (straight) | 1 | 65W | Same as HB3 exc. 180° straight base |
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| HB4 (9006) | P22d (90°) | 1 | 55W | ||
| HB4A (9006XS) | P22d (180° straight) | 1 | 55W | Same as HB4 exc. 180° straight base |
|
| HB5 (9007) | PX29t | 2 | 65/55W | ||
| H13 (unofficially "9008") | P26t | 2 | 65/55W |
Many types of lamps are used for turn signal, brake lamps, side and clearance marker lamps, and interior lamps. Type numbers standardized by ANSI are used by manufacturers to identify bulbs with the same specifications. Bases may be bayonet-type with one or two contacts, plastic or glass wedge, or other types such as wire-loop or metal caps used on tubular lamps. Screw-base lamps are never used in automobile applications due to their loosening under vibration. Signal lamps may have clear bulbs, or may be coated red or amber to provide extra contrast in brake-lamp and turn-signal applications.
| Category | Cap (Base) | Filaments | Nominal power | Comments | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PC194[11] | ? | 1 | 14V?/3.78W, ? | Used on circuit boards for e.g. dash lights |
 |
Other countries
| Category | Cap (Base) | Filaments | Electrical Characteristics | Comments | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H3C | 1 | 6V/55W, 12V/55W, 24V/70W |
Japan (USA for unregulated auxiliary lamps only) |
 |
See also
References
- ^ UNIFORM PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE APPROVAL OF FILAMENT LAMPS FOR USE IN APPROVED LAMP UNITS ON POWER-DRIVEN VEHICLES AND OF THEIR TRAILERS, Regulation No. 37, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
- ^ H4, HB2, and 9003 bulbs H4 vs. HB2 vs. 9003: What's the Difference?
- ^ UNIFORM PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE APPROVAL OF GAS-DISCHARGE LIGHT SOURCES FOR USE IN APPROVED GAS-DISCHARGE LAMP UNITS OF POWER-DRIVEN VEHICLES, Regulation No. 99, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
- ^ http://www.donsbulbs.com/cgi-bin/r/b.pl/h2~donsbulbs.html H2 at Don's Bulbs
- ^ http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stra%C3%9Fenverkehrs-Zulassungs-Ordnung
- ^ http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesgesetzblatt_%28Deutschland%29
- ^ http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technische_Anforderungen_an_Fahrzeugteile_bei_der_Bauartpr%C3%BCfung_nach_%C2%A7_22a_StVZO
- ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsches_Institut_f%C3%BCr_Normung
- ^ 49CFR564
- ^ a b List of approved replaceable light sources for U.S. headlamps
- ^ http://www.donsbulbs.com/cgi-bin/r/b.pl/pc194.html PC194 at donsbulbs.com
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