Avalon Peninsula

Avalon Peninsula

Location of Avalon Peninsula in Newfoundland

The coast of the Avalon Peninsula, in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador

The Avalon Peninsula is a large peninsula (10,360 km² ^[1]) that makes up the southeast portion of the island of Newfoundland.

The peninsula is home to 248,418 people (approximately 49% of Newfoundland's population in 2006), and is the location of the provincial capital, St. John's. It is connected to the main section of the island by the 5 km/3 mile wide Isthmus of Avalon. The peninsula protrudes into the rich fishing zones near the Grand Banks. Its four major bays—Trinity Bay, Conception Bay, St. Mary's Bay, and Placentia Bay—have long been the centre of Newfoundland's fishing industry.

Geography and Geology

The Avalon Peninsula itself is pinched into peninsulas by St. Mary's Bay and Conception Bay. St. John's is located in the northeast of the peninsula.

The Avalon Peninsula is a noted region for Precambrian fossils, and many Lagerstätten of the diverse Ediacaran biota are found on the peninsula. Mistaken Point is the original location of the first documented Ediacaran, Aspidella terranovica (which gets its specific name from Newfoundland).

History

The peninsula was one of the first European inhabited areas in North America, with the first permanent settlement established at Cuper's Cove in 1610. Sir George Calvert was later given a large land holding on the peninsula. The initial colony of Ferryland grew to a population of 100 becoming the first successful permanent settlement on Newfoundland island. In 1623 Calvert was given a Royal Charter extending the Royal lands and granting them the name Province of Avalon "in imitation of Old Avalon in Somersetshire wherein Glassenbury stands, the first fruits of Christianity in Britain as the other was in that party of America." Calvert wished to make the colony a refuge for Roman Catholics facing persecution in England. In 1625 Calvert was made the first Lord Baltimore in recognition of his achievements.

Avalon Peninsula, in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador

The charter created the province as a palatinate in which Calvert had absolute authority.

A series of crises and calamities led Calvert to quit the colony in 1629 for "some other warmer climate of this new world", which turned out to be Maryland, though his family was to maintain agents to govern Avalon until 1637, when the entire island of Newfoundland was granted by charter to Sir David Kirke and James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton.

Calvert's son, Cæcilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, fought against the new charter and, in 1660, gained official recognition of the old Charter of Avalon but never attempted to retake the colony.

Quidi Vidi, near St. Johns, Nfld

See also

• British colonization of the Americas
• Newfoundland and Labrador
• Conception Bay
• Avalonia
• New Cambriol

External links

• Heritage of Newfoundland - Colony of Avalon

References

1. ^ The Canadian Encyclopedia: Avalon Peninsula

Harding, Les. Exploring the Avalon. Jesperson, 1998. ISBN 0-921692-87-0

Coordinates: 47°17′N 53°21′W / 47.29°N 53.35°W / 47.29; -53.35