aviary

An example of a commercial home aviary

An aviary is a large enclosure for confining birds. Unlike cages, aviaries allow birds a larger living space where they can fly; hence, aviaries are also sometimes known as flight cages. Aviaries often contain plants and shrubbery to simulate a natural environment.

Types of aviaries

Public aviary

Large aviaries are often found in the setting of a zoological garden (for example, London Zoo, Washington Zoo and San Diego Zoo). Spacious walk-in aviaries also exist in bird parks such as Jurong BirdPark in Singapore. Pittsburgh is home to the USA's National Aviary, perhaps the most prominent example of an aviary not set inside a zoo. The Tracy Aviary is an example of bird park within a public urban park, Liberty Park in Salt Lake City, Utah. ^[1] Some public aquaria, such as the Oregon Coast Aquarium, Newport, Oregon, or the Monterey Bay Aquarium, have aquatic aviaries. ^{[2] [3]}

History

Proposed architectural design for a French military aviary to house swallows as messenger birds, based upon a scheme by Jean Desbouvrie, 1889.

An aviary, Raven Cage dating from 1829, is regarded as one of the oldest structures at the London Zoo. ^[4]

The first large aviary inside a zoological garden was established in 1880 in the setting of the Rotterdam Zoo.

In 1902, a flying cage was completed in the setting of the National Zoological Park of the Smithsonian Institution. A new Great Flying Cage was built in 1964. ^[5]

The Saint Louis Zoo is home to the 1904 World's Fair Flight Cage. It is one of only two permanent structures built for the World's Fair which still remain (the other is the Saint Louis Art Museum's Cass Gilbert building). In 1904, it was the largest bird cage ever built. It remains one of the world's largest free-flight aviaries. The 228 feet (69 m) long, 84 feet (26 m) wide, and 50 feet (15 m) high cage was built by the Smithsonian Institution specifically for the St. Louis World's Fair. Local pride in the giant cage motivated St. Louis to finally establish a zoo in 1910.

With the Antwerp cage system (1948), birds are only separate from public with a light system used indoor the Bird Building at Antwerp Zoo. ^[6]

At the Frankfurt Zoo, the bird house was built in 1961. Its Bird Halls presented birds for the first time in large glassed miniature habitats. In diving exhibits darters and kingfishers could be seen hunting under water, and in the free-flight hall visitors still walk amongst tropical birds in dense vegetation. ^[7] In 1963, the same principle was used outdoors to construct the Bird Thicket, ten aviaries surrounded by dense bushes and designed in various habitat settings, which visitors can enter through wire netted doors and curtains of cords. ^[7]

The Snowdon Aviary in London Zoo was designed by Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon, Cedric Price and Frank Newby, and built in 1962-1964.^[4]

The Bronx Zoo's World of Birds, a two-story bird house completed in 1972, is a huge, landscaped, indoor free-flight exhibit. The one-way flow pattern in the exhibit moves the visitors through twenty-five birds habitats, ranging from desert to tropical forest. Each setting recreates with impressive fidelity the microculture of the birds that fly merrily about within their diorama world, complete with living plants. Five of the aviaries are completely open: in two of the largest the uncaged public walks through the habitat with birds freely overhead. ^[8]

The Henry Doorly Zoo's Simmons Aviary opened in 1983 and is one of the world's largest free-flight aviaries. About 500 birds from all parts of the world occupy the area of the aviary. In this 4-acre (16,000 m²) exhibit, visitors see flamingos, ducks, swans, storks, cranes, spoonbills, ibis and egrets. The Aviary is 800 ft/240 m long and rises to 75 ft/23 m at the center. The structure of two-inch nylon mesh is supported by a system of cables and poles. The use of nylon instead of wire is a unique concept. ^[9]

Birds of Eden bird sanctuary, located in the Western Cape of South Africa, is possibly the largest free flight aviary in the world. The aviary opened in 2005 and covers an area of 21,761 square metres (234,230 sq ft) with a total volume of 375,372 cubic metres (13,256,100 cu ft). It is home to around 3000 individual birds from 200 species.

List of public aviaries

• Birds of Eden
• Bloedel Floral Conservatory
• Edward Youde Aviary
• Jurong BirdPark
• Kuala Lumpur Bird Park
• Tracy Aviary
• Living Coasts
• Snowdon Aviary
• National Aviary
• Niagara Falls Aviary
• Nicholas Wildlife Aviary Complex, Botanic Gardens St. Vincent
• Palmitos Park
• Sylvan Heights Waterfowl Park

Home aviary

Home aviaries are popular with bird fanciers who have the space for them. Many bird breeders list themselves as "aviaries", since most bird pairs breed best in aviaries in contrast to breeding cages. The traditional home aviary is a do-it-yourself product, although these days sturdy, commercial aviaries are available to fit all spaces (indoor/outdoor), sizes and budgets.

There are two main subcategories of home aviaries: grounded aviaries and suspended aviaries. Grounded aviaries are affixed to the ground with a concrete base to prevent rats and other vermin from entering. Suspended aviaries are suspended in the air with only the 'legs' of the aviaries affixed to the ground; hence, the need for a protective base is eliminated in suspended aviaries. Most grounded aviaries typically feature a woodwork or PVC frame unlike the metal frame of public aviaries; however, it isn't uncommon for suspended aviaries to feature a metal frame.

Gallery

1904 Flight Cage St. Louis Zoo.

The Snowdon Aviary London Zoo.

Spacious walk-in aviary at Jurong BirdPark in Singapore.

Notes

1. ^ Tracy Aviary History retrieved on December 7, 2008.
2. ^ Birds, Oregon Coast Aquarium's official website, retrieved on February 3, 2007.
3. ^ Sandy Shores, Monterey Bay Aquarium's official website, retrieved on February 3, 2007.
4. ^ ^{a b} ZSL Architecture, ZSL, retrieved on June 3, 2008.
5. ^ National Zoological Park, Records, 1887-1966, Smithsonian Institution Archives.
6. ^ "European zoos", Life, Vol.25, No.23, December 6, 1948.
7. ^ ^{a b} Petzold, Dirk, "Zoologischer Garten Frankfurt am Main", in Encyclopedia of the World's Zoos, Bell, Catharine E. (ed.), Fitzroy Dearborn, Chicago, 2001, Vol.3, pp.1452-1457. ISBN 1-57958-174-9;
   Scherpner, Christian, "Walk-through Bird aviaries at Frankfurt Zoo", International Zoo Yearbook, Vol.5, No.1, 1965, pp.244-246.
8. ^ Kidder Smith, G. E., Source Book of American Architecture: 500 Notable Buildings from the 10th Century to the Present, Princeton Architectural Press, Princeton, 2000, p.376. ISBN 1568982542
9. ^ Henry Doorly Zoo's Aviary retrieved on November 27, 2008.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Aviary

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Aviary.

• 1904 Flight Cage
• 1926 Scripps Aviary, San Diego Zoo
• Birds of Eden, a 2.176 hectares (21,760 m²) aviary in South Africa
• Tracy Aviary