Aztreonam
Drug Info:
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Aztreonam
Brand names: Azactam®
Chemical formula:
- Drug Forms:
- Aztreonam Solution for injection (below)
- Aztreonam Nebulizer solution
- Aztreonam Nebulizer solution
- Espa�ol:
- Aztreonam, Solución para inyección
- Aztreonam, Solución nebulizador
- Aztreonam, Solución nebulizador
Aztreonam Solution for injection
What is this medicine?
AZTREONAM (AZ tree oh nam) is a monobactam antibiotic. It is used to treat certain kinds of bacterial infections. It will not work for colds, flu, or other viral infections.
This medicine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions.
What should I tell my health care provider before I take this medicine?
They need to know if you have any of these conditions:
•kidney disease
•an unusual or allergic reaction to aztreonam, other antibiotics or medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
•pregnant or trying to get pregnant
•breast-feeding
How should I use this medicine?
This medicine is infused into a vein or injected into a muscle. It is usually given by a health care professional in a hospital or clinic setting.
If you get this medicine at home, you will be taught how to prepare and give this medicine. Use exactly as directed. Take your medicine at regular intervals. Do not take your medicine more often than directed. Take all of your medicine as directed even if you think your are better. Do not skip doses or stop your medicine early.
It is important that you put your used needles and syringes in a special sharps container. Do not put them in a trash can. If you do not have a sharps container, call your pharmacist or healthcare provider to get one.
Talk to your pediatrician regarding the use of this medicine in children. While this drug may be prescribed for children as young as 9 months old for selected conditions, precautions do apply.
Overdosage: If you think you have taken too much of this medicine contact a poison control center or emergency room at once.
NOTE: This medicine is only for you. Do not share this medicine with others.
What may interact with this medicine?
Interactions are not expected
This list may not describe all possible interactions. Give your health care provider a list of all the medicines, herbs, non-prescription drugs, or dietary supplements you use. Also tell them if you smoke, drink alcohol, or use illegal drugs. Some items may interact with your medicine.
What should I watch for while using this medicine?
Tell your doctor or healthcare professional if your symptoms do not start to get better or if they get worse. Your doctor will monitor your condition and blood work as needed.
Do not treat diarrhea with over the counter products. Contact your doctor if you have diarrhea that lasts more than 2 days or if it is severe and watery.
What side effects may I notice from receiving this medicine?
Side effects that you should report to your doctor or health care professional as soon as possible:
•allergic reactions like skin rash, itching or hives, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
•burning, numbness, or tingling
•change in hearing, vision
•confusion, dizziness
•difficulty breathing, wheezing
•fever
•redness, blistering, peeling or loosening of the skin, including inside the mouth
•seizures
•unusual bleeding, bruising
•unusually weak or tired
•yellowing of eyes, skin
Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your doctor or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome):
•diarrhea
•headache
•mouth sore
•pain, swelling or irritation where injected
•stomach cramps
•vaginal itch, irritation
This list may not describe all possible side effects. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
Where should I keep my medicine?
Keep out of the reach of children.
You will be instructed on how to store this medicine. Throw away any unused medicine after the expiration date on the label.
Last updated: 7/1/2002
Important Disclaimer: The drug information provided here is for educational purposes only. It is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the diagnosis, treatment and advice of a medical professional. This drug information does not cover all possible uses, precautions, side effects and interactions. It should not be construed to indicate that this or any drug is safe for you. Consult your medical professional for guidance before using any prescription or over the counter drugs.
Related Videos:
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Aztreonam
Oxford A-Z of Medicinal Drugs:
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aztreonam
A beta-lactam antibiotic that is similar to the penicillins but may be less likely to produce allergic reactions in people sensitive to pencillins. It is used for the treatment of infections of the lower respiratory tract, including lung infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. It is also used to treat bone, skin, and soft-tissue infections, abdominal and urinary-tract infections (including gonorrhoea and cystitis), and meningitis. It is given by intramuscular or intravenous injection and is available on prescription only.
Side effects:
may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, mouth ulcers, altered taste, jaundice, hepatitis, blood disorders, and rashes.
Precautions:
aztreonam should not be taken by women who are pregnant or breastfeeding or by anyone who is allergic to it, and it should be used with caution in those who have liver or kidney disease.
Interactions with other drugs:
Anticoagulants the effects of warfarin and acenocoumarol may be increased by aztreonam.
| azithromycin, azelastine hydrochloride, azelaic acid | |
| bacitracin zinc, baclofen, balanced salt solution |
Word Tutor:
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aztreonam
IN BRIEF: n. - An antibiotic used against severe infections.
LearnThatWord.com is a free vocabulary and spelling program where you only pay for results!
Saunders Veterinary Dictionary:
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aztreonam
A monobactam, β-lactam antibiotic, very resistant to β-lactamase, but with a narrow range of activity. It is used parenterally against infections with gram-negative organisms, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Wikipedia on Answers.com:
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Aztreonam
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| 2-({[(1Z)-1-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl) -2- {[(2S,3S)-2-methyl-4-oxo-1-sulfoazetidin-3-yl]amino} -2- oxoethylidene]amino}oxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid | |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Azactam |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | monograph |
| Pregnancy cat. | B1 (Au), B (U.S.) |
| Legal status | ℞-only (U.S.) |
| Routes | Intravenous, intramuscular, inhalation |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 100% (IM) |
| Protein binding | 56% |
| Metabolism | hepatic (minor %) |
| Half-life | 1.7 hours |
| Excretion | Renal |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 78110-38-0  |
| ATC code | J01DF01 |
| PubChem | CID 54116 |
| DrugBank | DB00355 |
| ChemSpider | 4674940 |
| UNII | G2B4VE5GH8 |
| KEGG | D00240 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:161680 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL158 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C13H17N5O8S2 |
| Mol. mass | 435.433 g/mol |
| SMILES | eMolecules & PubChem |
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Aztreonam (trade names Azactam injection, Cayston inhalation) is a synthetic monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic (a monobactam), with the nucleus based on a simpler monobactam isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum. It was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1986. It is resistant to some beta-lactamases, but is inactivated by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
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Mechanism of action
Aztreonam is similar in action to penicillin. It inhibits mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall, thereby blocking peptidoglycan crosslinking. It has a very high affinity for penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP-3) and mild affinity for PBP-1a. Aztreonam binds the penicillin-binding proteins of gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria very poorly and is largely ineffective against them.[1] Aztreonam is bactericidal but less so than some of the cephalosporins.
Spectrum of Bacterial Susceptibility and Resistance
Acinetobacter anitratus, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis species are generally susceptible to Aztreonam, while some Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hemolyticus and Xanthomonas maltophilia are resistant to Aztreonam. Furthermore, Aeromonas hydrophila, Citrobacter diversus, Enterobacter agglomerans, Haemophilus spp. and Streptococcus pyogenes have developed resistance to Aztreonam to varying degrees.[2]
Indications and spectrum of activity
Aztreonam has strong activity against susceptible gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It has no useful activity against gram-positive bacteria or anaerobes. It is known to be effective against a wide range of bacteria including Citrobacter, Enterobacter, E. coli, Haemophilus, Klebsiella, Proteus, and Serratia species.[3]
Synergism between aztreonam and arbekacin or tobramycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been suggested.[4]
Aztreonam is often used in patients who are penicillin allergic or who can not tolerate aminoglycosides.
Administration
Aztreonam is poorly absorbed when given via the oral route, so it must be administered as an intravenous or intramuscular injection (trade name Azactam ), or inhaled (trade name Cayston) using an ultrasonic nebulizer. In the United States the FDA approved the inhalative form on February 22, 2010 for the suppression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in patients with cystic fibrosis.[5] It received conditional approval for administration in Canada and the European Union September 2009,[5] and has been fully approved in Australia.[6]
Common adverse effects
Reported side-effects include injection site reactions, rash, and rarely toxic epidermal necrolysis. Gastrointestinal side effects generally include diarrhea and nausea and vomiting. There may be drug-induced eosinophilia. Because of the un-fused beta-lactam ring unique to aztreonam, there is limited cross-reactivity between aztreonam and other beta-lactam antibiotics, and it is generally considered safe to admininister aztreonam to patients with hypersensitivity (allergies) to penicillins.[1]
Aztreonam is considered Pregnancy category B.
References
- ^ a b AHFS DRUG INFORMATION 2006 (2006 ed.). American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 2006.
- ^ "Aztreonam spectrum of bacterial susceptibility and Resistance". http://www.toku-e.com/Upload/Products/PDS/20120507001677.pdf. Retrieved 15 May 2012.
- ^ Mosby's Drug Consult 2006 (16 ed.). Mosby, Inc.. 2006.
- ^ Kobayashi, Y., Uchida, H., Kawakami Y. (1992). "Synergy with aztreonam and arbekacin or tobramycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from blood". J Antimicrob Chemother 30 (6): 871–872. doi:10.1093/jac/30.6.871. PMID 1289363.
- ^ a b Larkin, Catherine (February 22, 2010). "Gilead’s Inhaled Antibiotic for Lungs Wins Approval". BusinessWeek. http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-02-22/gilead-s-inhaled-antibiotic-for-lungs-wins-approval-update1-.html. Retrieved 2010-03-05.
- ^ "FDA approves Gilead cystic fibrosis drug Cayston". BusinessWeek. February 23, 2010. http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9E237QG1.htm. Retrieved 2010-03-05.
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Oxford A-Z of Medicinal Drugs
Market University Press. © 2000, 2003, 2010 An A-Z of Medicinal Drugs. All rights reserved.
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Word Tutor
Copyright © 2004-present by eSpindle Learning, a 501(c) nonprofit organization. All rights reserved.
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Saunders Veterinary Dictionary
Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary 3rd Edition. Copyright © 2007 by D.C. Blood, V.P. Studdert and C.C. Gay, Elsevier. All rights reserved.
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