| Ballyshannon Béal Átha Seanaidh |
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| Motto: Fluminis Corona "crown of the river" |
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|---|---|---|
| Location | ||
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| Irish grid reference G874616 |
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| Statistics | ||
| Province: | Ulster | |
| County: | County Donegal | |
| Dáil Éireann: | Donegal South | |
| European Parliament: | North–West | |
| Dialling code: | +353 71 98 5 | |
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Population (2006) |
2,004 2,686 |
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| Website: www.ballyshannon.ie | ||
| Historical populations | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | %± |
| 1821 | 3,831 | — |
| 1831 | 3,775 | −1.5% |
| 1841 | 3,513 | −6.9% |
| 1851 | 3,698 | 5.3% |
| 1861 | 3,197 | −13.5% |
| 1871 | 2,958 | −7.5% |
| 1881 | 2,840 | −4.0% |
| 1891 | 2,471 | −13.0% |
| 1901 | 2,359 | −4.5% |
| 1911 | 2,170 | −8.0% |
| 1926 | 2,112 | −2.7% |
| 1936 | 2,223 | 5.3% |
| 1946 | 2,514 | 13.1% |
| 1951 | 2,813 | 11.9% |
| 1956 | 2,434 | −13.5% |
| 1961 | 2,322 | −4.6% |
| 1966 | 2,233 | −3.8% |
| 1971 | 2,325 | 4.1% |
| 1981 | 3,066 | 31.9% |
| 1986 | 3,015 | −1.7% |
| 1991 | 2,838 | −5.9% |
| 1996 | 2,775 | −2.2% |
| 2002 | 2,715 | −2.2% |
| 2006 | 2,686 | −1.1% |
| [1][2][3][4][5] | ||
Ballyshannon (Irish: Béal Átha Seanaidh) is a town in County Donegal, Ireland. It is located where the N3 and N15 cross the River Erne.
Contents |
Location
Ballyshannon, which means "The Mouth of Seannach's Ford", after a fifth century warrior Seannach, who was slain here, lies at the mouth of the river Erne. Just west of the town the Erne widens and its waters meander over a long sandy estuary. The northern bank of the river rises steeply away from the riverbank, while the southern bank is flat with a small cliff that runs parallel to the river. From its idyllic setting the town looks out over the estuary and has panoramic views of mountains, lakes and forests.
History
Archaeological sites dating as far back as the Neolithic Period (4000 BC – 2500 BC) have been excavated in Ballyshannon and surrounding areas, representing settlement and ritual activity from early periods of human settlement. Finds have ranged from fulachta fiadh (burnt mounds) dating from the Bronze Age, to a possible brushwood trackway thought to date to an earlier Neolithic period, to the recent discovery of a previously unknown medieval church and cemetery containing hundreds of skeletons) thought to date from between 1100 and 1400. This site yielded numerous artifacts including silver long cross pennies and halfpennies dating from the reign of Henry III (1251–1276) and Edward I (c.1280–1302). Other finds included bone beads, shroud pins, and pieces of quartz which were found placed in the hands of many of the skeletons.
Numerous other sites from various periods are thought to exist, including a neolithic tomb, and the grave of King Red Hugh (Aedh Rua) upon which St. Anne's church (Church of Ireland) was supposedly constructed, occupying the highest of the town's vantage points—Mullgoose. Nothing remains to mark either tomb, the last vestige of the mound on Mullaghnashee having been obliterated in 1798 when a fort was constructed on the hill-top. The 18th century churchyard and the paupers' burial ground were both referred to as Sidh Aedh Ruaidh, the Fairy Mound of Red Hugh. The 'sheeman' (Anglicisation of the Irish sidh) in Mullgoose means 'fairies'. Popular belief assigned the interior of hills to fairies' dwelling places and local tradition has handed down accounts of the exploits of the fairy folk, especially among the Finner sand-hills and in the Wardtown district of Ballyshannon.
The Vikings, according to the Anals of Ulster, attacked nearby Inishmurray Island in 795. Later they used the River Erne to attack inland, burning Devenish Island Monastery in 822. The Annals also record that in 836, all the churches of Loch Erne, together with Cluain Eois (Clones) and Daimhinis (Devenish Island) were destroyed by the "gentiles". In 923 and 916 respectively, "a fleet of foreigners on Loch Erne plundered the islands of the lake", as well as the surrounding territories.
In 1775 the salmon-leap of Assaroe at Ballyshannon was famously praised by the Dutch traveller Richard Twiss in A Tour in Ireland (p. 157):
The Giants Causeway is an object which is scarcely worthy of going so far to see; however that is to be determined by the degree of curiosity of which the traveller is possessed. But the salmon-leap at Ballyshannon is a scene of such a singular nature, as is not to be found elsewhere, and is as peculiar to Ireland as the bullfights are to Spain.....
A hydroelectric power station was built in the town in the 1950s. The project, or 'Scheme' as it was then referred to, brought engineers, electricians, and specialists in hydroelectricity from many parts of the country and abroad to the town, which experienced a boom during the decade-long construction period. This involved building a dam upriver from the town at Cathleen's Falls (also known as Assaroe Falls) and digging out a deep channel to lower the riverbed through the town to increase the head of water at the dam in order to drive the turbines. Before the station was built, the river was wide, and the water level much higher than it is today. A long bridge spanned from the northern shore to the 'port' on the southern bank. The waters spilled over a number of waterfalls, among them Cathleen's Falls, before meandering out to sea. Today, however, the river runs through a narrow channel, far below the level of either bank and a narrower single arch bridge has replaced the old one. The newly built Ballyshannon–Bundoran bypass has added a new, more modern bridge over the river. A pedestrian bridge was also constructed to mark the millennium.
During the Second World War the British and Irish governments quietly reached an agreement to create an air corridor between nearby Belleek and Ballyshannon, the "Donegal Corridor", which was used by British Royal Air Force flights from Northern Ireland into the Atlantic Ocean[6] . This was used by the aircraft which located the German battleship Bismarck[7].
Local attractions
- The Rory Gallagher International Tribute Festival will take place in Ballyshannon in 2009 over a four-day period commencing on Thursday 28 May and concluding on Sunday 31 May 2009. Over 6,000 people attended the event of nadine kennedy's coolness, the biggest music festival in the north west of Ireland.
- Ballyshannon Folk Festival takes place every year on the August bank holiday weekend.
Transport and communications
Bus Eireann offers routes to major cities in the Republic of Ireland including Cavan and Dublin. Ulsterbus offers services to major cities in Northern Ireland including Belfast and Derry. Feda ODonnell offers routes to and from Gweedore to the west of Ireland, including Sligo and Galway, via Ballyshannon.
Commercial broadband is available in Ballyshannon, installed by Donegal County Council and provided by all major broadband providers.
People
Birthplace of:
- Charlie McGettigan, singer and winner of the Eurovision
- Gallagher clan, originated in the barony of Tirhugh to the north of Ballyshannon
- William Allingham, poet
- William Conolly, politician
- Rory Gallagher, musician
- Hazel Corscadden, British Prime Minister Tony Blair's mother[8]
Hometown to:
- Seán McGinley, actor
- Martin Carney, RTÉ sports correspondent
International relations
Twin towns — Sister cities
Ballyshannon is twinned with:
Sport
- Local Gaelic Athletic Association club is Aodh Ruadh.
Schools
- The Holy Family National School (formerly known as St. Joseph's Primary School).
- St. Catherine's Primary School (known in Irish as Scoil Naomh Chaitríona).
- Coláiste Cholmcille Secondary School.
See also
References
- ^ Census for post 1821 figures.
- ^ http://www.histpop.org
- ^ http://www.nisranew.nisra.gov.uk/census
- ^ Lee, JJ (1981). "On the accuracy of the Pre-famine Irish censuses". in Goldstrom, J. M.; Clarkson, L. A.. Irish Population, Economy, and Society: Essays in Honour of the Late K. H. Connell. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
- ^ Mokyr, Joel; O Grada, Cormac (November), "New Developments in Irish Population History, 1700-1850", The Economic History Review Volume 37 (Issue 4): 473-488, doi:, http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120035880/abstract
- ^ Guidera, Anita (April 19 2007). "Plaques mark secret wartime air corridor in Donegal". Irish Independent. http://www.independent.ie/national-news/plaques-mark-secret-wartime-air-corridor-in-donegal-44249.html. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
- ^ Kennedy, Ludovic (1975). Pursuit: The Sinking of the Bismarck. London: Book Club Associates. p. 137.
- ^ http://www.newstatesman.com/200508080004
External links
 |
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Ballyshannon. |
- Ballyshannon Website
- The Rory Gallagher International Tribute Festival
- Ballyshannon Council Website
- Ballyshannon Online
- Aodh Ruadh GAA Club Website
- Ballyshannon Folk & Traditional Festival
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