Balšić noble family
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Balšić noble family
| Balšić Балшићи |
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| Country |  Serbian Empire (1355-1371) Republic of Venice Serbian Despotate (1405-1421) |
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| Estates | (southern Montenegro, northern Albania) Zeta and the coastlands:
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| Titles | gospodar (lord) autokrator (self-ruler) |
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| Founded | before 1355, by Balša I | ||
| Final ruler | Balša III (1403–1421) | ||
| Dissolution | 1421 (possessions passed to Despot Stephen) | ||
The Balšić (Serbian Cyrillic: Балшић, pl. Балшићи, Balšići) was a Serbian noble family[1][2][3] that ruled Zeta and the coastlands (southern Montenegro and northern Albania), from 1362 to 1421, during the fall of the Serbian Empire. Balša, the founder, was a petty nobleman that held only one village during the rule of Emperor Dušan the Mighty (r. 1331-1355), and only after the death of the emperor, his three sons gained power in Lower Zeta after acquiring the lands of gospodin Žarko (fl. 1336-1360) under unclear circumstances, and they then expanded into Upper Zeta by murdering voivode and čelnik Đuraš Ilijić (r. 1326-1362†). Nevertheless, they were acknowledged as oblastni gospodari of Zeta in edicts of Emperor Uroš the Weak (r. 1355-1371). The family is known to have seized control through trickery, such as against the Dukađini, and many people were deported or murdered. After the death of Uroš (1371), the family feuded with the Mrnjavčevići, who controlled Macedonia. In 1421, Balša III, upon his death, passed the rule of Zeta to his uncle, Despot Stephen the Tall Lazarević.
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Contents
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History
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Origin
The Balšić family was first mentioned in a charter of Emperor Stephen Uroš V of Serbia, dated 29 September, 1360.[4] The definite origin of the family is unknown.[4][5] They have been considered of Vlach, Albanian, Serbian, or French origin.[6] In oral tradition, they descended via Vuk Nemanjić.[2]
Ivan Stepanovich Yastrebov (1839-1894), Russian Consul in Shkoder and Prizren, when speaking of the Balšići, connect their name to the Roman town of Balletium (Baleč) located near modern Shkodër.[7] According to Čedomilj Mijatović (1842-1934), the Balšić family had ultimate origin in the House of Baux from Provence (south eastern France);[4] From that family sprung an Italian family (del Balzo), and from them the Balšići, and from them a Romanian family.[4] The La Zedda e la dinastia dei Balšidi: studi storici documentati (1899) by Giuseppe Gelcich, is the first work to theorize on the origin of the Balšići.[6]
The theory asserting them as descendants of the Frankish nobleman Bertrand III of Baux, a companion of Charles d'Anjou is regarded as highly improbable. [8] In historical discourse Croatian ethnologist Milan Šufflay believed that they ultimately were of Aromanian origin, while German linguist Gustav Weigand supported a mixed Albanian-Aromanian origin after he noted that their family name was included in a list of early Albanian surnames in Romania.[8]
Early history
According to Mavro Orbini, Balša, the eponymous founder, was a petty nobleman that held only one village in the area of Lake Skadar during the rule of Emperor Dušan the Mighty (r. 1331-1355). Only after the death of the emperor, Balša and his three sons gained power in Lower Zeta after aqcuiring the lands of gospodin Žarko (fl. 1336-1360) and by murdering voivode and čelnik Đuraš Ilijić (r. 1326-1362†), the holders of Lower and Upper Zeta, respectively.[9] Balša dies the same year, and his sons, the Balšić brothers, continue in ruling the province spanning Podgorica, Budva, Bar and Skadar.[9]
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Zeta [Zoomed]. |
There were 5 rulers:
- Balša I (1360-1362), Provincial lord (Oblastni gospodar) of Lower Zeta
- Đurađ I (1362–1378), [Lord of] Skadar (Shkodër)
- Balša II (1378–1385), [Lord of] Skadar and Drač (Durrës)
- Đurađ II (1385–1403), [Lord of] Skadar, Budva, Podgorica, Drač, Drivast and Lješ (Lezhë), Autokrat of Zeta and the coastlands
- Balša III (1403–1421), [Lord of] Bar
Family tree
- Balša I
- Stracimir
- Đurađ II
- Balša III
- Jelena (married herzog Stjepan Vukčić Kosača)
- Vladislav Hercegović
- Katarina, married King of Bosnia Stephen Thomas
- Sigismund (Šimun) Kotromanić (converted to Islam and changed his name to Ishak-beg Kraljević (Ishak-bey Kraloglu))
- Katarina Kotromanić
- Jelena (married herzog Stjepan Vukčić Kosača)
- Balša III
- Đurađ II
- Đurađ I
- Jelisaveta
- Goisava
- Jevdokija / Eudokia (married Esau de' Buondelmonti, ruler of Epirus 1385–1411)
- Giorgio de' Buondelmonti, ruler of Epirus 1411
- Konstantin (Košta) (married Elena Thopia, Daughter of Karl Thopia)
- Unknown Child
- Stefan de Maramonte / Stefan Balša
- Unknown Child
- Đorđe
- Đorđe
- Jelena
- Đurađ (illegitimate), his son Stefan Strez Balšić married Vlajka Kastrioti (Skanderbeg's sister) and had two sons: Ivan and Gojko who in 1444 were among the founders of the League of Lezhe.[10][11]
- Balša II
- Ruđina
- Vojisava (Married Karl Thopia, Prince of Albania)
- Gjergj Thopia, Duke of Durazzo
- Elena Thopia, Lady of Krujë, married Konstantin Balšić
- Voislava Thopia
- Stracimir
References
- ^ Nicol, p. 160.
- ^ a b Gleichen, p. 108
- ^ Fine, 2006, p. 292
- ^ a b c d Rudić 2006, p. 99: "О њиховом пореклу не знамо ништа" ,, "Према Чедомиљу Мијатовићу Балшићи су пореклом били француска, односно провансалска породица. Од њих су настали италијански Балшићи, од којих потичу српски Балшићи, а од њих румунски. Ч. Мијатовић, Балшићи, генеалошка студија, 150"
- ^ Veselinović-Ljušić 2008, p. 91: "Пошто нам извори ништа поуздано не говоре о њиховим прецима, порекло ове породице ..."
- ^ a b Soulis 1984, p. 254: "Various opinions have been expressed concerning the national origin of the Balšići family"
- ^ Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë 1985, p. 323: "Whereas JS Jastrebov, when speaking of the Balshaj of Shkodra calls then Balesium, Balezza, Balezum, Balezo and adds that the Greeks in Dukel74 called them Barizi."
- ^ a b Malcolm, Noel (1998). Kosovo: a short history. Macmillan. p. 368. ISBN 978-0-333-66612-8. http://books.google.com/books?id=GGQ_AQAAIAAJ&q=Bertrand. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
- ^ a b Fajfrić, ch. 44, Oblasni gospodari: "Balša o kojem ćemo sada govoriti beše veoma siromašan zetski vlastelin i za života cara Stefana držao je samo jedno selo. Ali kad je umro car, a kako njegov sin Uroš nije bio valjan vladar, počeo je s nekoliko svojih prijatelja i sa svojim sinovima Stracimirom, Đurđem i Balšom da zauzima Donju Zetu." "Posle toga krenuo je sa svojim ljudima na osvajanje Gornje Zete, koju je držao Đuraš Ilijić i njegovi rođaci. Đuraša ubiše Balšini sinovi, neke njegove rođake zarobiše, a ostali napustiše zemlju. I tako su Balšini sinovi zagospodarili i Gornjom Zetom" "Isto tako pali su u njihove ruke Dukađini koji su imali mnogo poseda u Zeti. Neke su poubijali, a druge bacili u tamnicu. Pri osvajanju ovih i drugih pokrajina više su se služili lukavstvom i prevarama nego silom oružja"
- ^ Gopčević, Spiridon (1914) (in German). Geschichte von Montenegro und Albanien. Gotha: F.A. Perthes. p. 460. OCLC 9968504. http://books.google.rs/books?ei=67VwT_GlG8PAtAbTxfnFAg&hl=sr&id=kesZAAAAMAAJ&dq=%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82&q=%22Bastards+des+Gjuragj+I.+Und+Maria+mit+ihren%22#search_anchor. Retrieved 29 March 2012. "Bezüglich der Strez herrscht Verwirrung. Hopf macht Ivo und Gojko BalSid zu Söhnen des Stefan Strez, welcher Vlajka Kastriota geheiratet hätte und Sohn des Gjuragj Balšić gewesen wäre, eines Bastards des Gjuragj I."
- ^ Musachi, John (1515). "Brief Chronicle on the Descendants of our Musachi Dynasty". http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts16-18/AH1515.html. Retrieved 29 November 2011. "To the fourth sister, Lady Vlaica, who was married to Lord Balsha, was born John and Coico Balsha."
Sources
- Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë (1985). The Albanians and their territories. "8 Nëntori" Pub. House. http://books.google.com/books?id=N5q4AAAAIAAJ. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
- Fajfrić, Željko (2000) [1998], Sveta loza Stefana Nemanje, Belgrade: Tehnologije, izdavastvo, agencija Janus
- Fine, John Van Antwerp (1994). The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. Michigan: The University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08260-4, 0472100793.
- Gleichen, Lord Edward (1923), Yugoslavia, Hodder and Stoughton, limited
- Jovanović, J. (1947), Stvaranje Crnogorske Države i Razvoj Crnogorske Nacionalnosti, Cetinje, pp. 18, 28, 36, 43, and 54-55
- Malcolm, Noel (1998). Kosovo: a short history. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-66612-8. http://books.google.com/books?id=GGQ_AQAAIAAJ. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
- Nicol, Donald MacGillivray (2010), The Despotate of Epiros 1267–1479: A Contribution to the History of Greece in the Middle Ages, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-13089-9, http://books.google.com/books?id=XIj0FfKto9AC
- Rudić, Srđan (2006), Vlastela Ilirskog grbovnika, Istorijski institut, http://books.google.com/books?id=KhkUAQAAMAAJ&q=Балшићи
- Soulis, George Christos (1984). The Serbs and Byzantium during the reign of Tsar Stephen Dušan (1331-1355) and his successors. Dumbarton Oaks Library and Collection. ISBN 978-0-88402-137-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=NXFpAAAAMAAJ&q=Balšići. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
- Veselinović, Andrija and Ljušić, Radoš (2008). "Балшићи" Srpske dinastije. Službene glasink. http://books.google.com/books?id=gWctAQAAIAAJ&q="Балшићи". Retrieved 7 May 2012.
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