Bannack is a ghost town in Beaverhead County, Montana, United States. Located on Grasshopper Creek, approximately 11 miles (18 km) upstream from where Grasshopper Creek joins with the Beaverhead River south of Dillon.
History
Founded in 1862 and named after the local Bannock Indians, it was the site of a major gold discovery in 1862, and served as the capital of Montana Territory briefly in 1864, until the capital was moved to Virginia City. Bannack continued as a mining town, though with a dwindling population. The last residents left in the 1970s.
At its peak, Bannack had a population of about three thousand. There were three hotels, three bakeries, three blacksmith shops, two stables, two meat markets, a grocery store, a restaurant, a brewery, a billiard hall, and four saloons. Though all of the businesses were built of logs, some had decorative false fronts.
Among the town's founders was Dr. Erasmus Darwin Leavitt, a physician born in Cornish, New Hampshire, who gave up medicine for a time to become a gold miner.[3] Dr. Leavitt arrived in Bannack in 1862, and alternately practiced medicine and mined for gold with pick and shovel. "Though some success crowned his labors," according to a history of Montana by Joaquin Miller, "he soon found that he had more reputation as a physician than as a miner, and that there was greater profit in allowing someone else to wield his pick and shovel while he attended to his profession." Subsequently, Dr. Leavitt moved on to Butte, Montana, where he devoted the rest of his life to his medical practice.[4]
Bannack's sheriff, Henry Plummer, was accused by some of secretly leading a ruthless band of road agents, with early accounts claiming that this gang was responsible for over a hundred murders in the Virginia City and Bannack gold fields and trails to Salt Lake City. However, because only eight white deaths are historically documented, some modern historians have called into question the exact nature of Plummer's gang, while others deny the existence of the gang altogether. In any case, Plummer and two compatriots were hanged, without trial, at Bannack on January 10, 1863. Over the next few weeks, 22 other individuals were accused, informally tried, and hanged by the vigilantes of Bannack and Virginia City[5]. Nathaniel Pitt Langford, the first superintendent of Yellowstone National Park, was a member of that vigilance committee[6].
Sixty historic log and frame structures remain standing in Bannack, many quite well-preserved; most can be explored. The site, now the Bannack Historic District, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961.[2][7] The town is presently the site of Bannack State Park.
References
- ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2007-01-23. http://www.nr.nps.gov/.
- ^ a b "Bannack Historic District". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=297&ResourceType=District. Retrieved 2007-10-21.
- ^ Progressive Men of Montana, The University of Montana Libraries, Missoula
- ^ History of Montana, Joaquin Miller, 1894, USGENWEB Montana Archives
- ^ Hough, Emerson (1907). The Story of the Outlaws-A Story of the Western Desperado. New York: The Outling Publishing Company. pp. 105–126.
- ^ Nathaniel Pitt Langford, The Vigilante, the Explorer, the Expounder and First Superintendent of Yellowstone Park, Olin D. Wheeler, Speech to the Montana Historical Society, April 8, 1912
- ^ Blanche Higgins Schroer (September, 1975), National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Bannack Historic DistrictPDF (547 KiB), National Park Service and Accompanying 11 photos, from 1975.PDF (1.09 MiB)
External links
Coordinates: 45°09′40″N 112°59′44″W / 45.16111°N 112.99556°W / 45.16111; -112.99556
