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The Banovina of Croatia or Banate of Croatia (Croatian, Serbian, Serbo-Croatian: Banovina Hrvatska) was a province (banovina) of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1939 and 1943 (de facto up to 1941). Its capital was at Zagreb and it included most of present-day Croatia along with portions of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. It included area of 65 456 km2 and had population of 4 024 601. Its flag was the red white and blue Croatian tricolor.[1] Ban of the Banovina of Croatia in that period was Ivan Šubašić.
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History
The banovinas of Yugoslavia, established in 1929, deliberately avoided following ethnic or religious boundaries which resulted in the country's ethnic Croats, like other ethnic groups, being divided among several banovinas. Following a struggle within the unitary Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Croat leaders won autonomy for a new ethnic-based banovina with the Cvetković-Maček Agreement.
On the basis of the political agreement between Dragiša Cvetković and Vlatko Maček, and the Decree on the Banate of Croatia (Uredba o Banovini Hrvatskoj) dated August 24th 1939, the Banate of Croatia was created.[2] The entire area of the Sava and Littoral Banovinas was combined and parts of the Vrbas, Zeta, Drina and Danube banovinas (districts Brčko, Derventa, Dubrovnik, Fojnica, Gradačac, Ilok, Šid and Travnik) were added to form the Banate of Croatia.[3] The borders of the Banate of Croatia are partly the historical borders of Croatia, and partly based on the application of the principle of ethnicity according to which Bosnian and Herzegovinian territory with a majority Croat population was annexed to the Banate.[2]
Under the Agreement, central government continued to control defense, internal security, foreign affairs, trade, and transport; but an elected Sabor and a crown-appointed ban would decide internal matters in Croatia. Ironically, the Agreement fueled separatism. Maček and other Croats viewed autonomy as a first step toward full Croatian independence, so they began haggling over territory; Serbs attacked Cvetković, charging that the Agreement brought them no return to democracy and no autonomy; Muslims demanded an autonomous Bosnia; and Slovenes and Montenegrins espoused federalism. Regent Pavle appointed a new government with Cvetković as prime minister and Maček as vice prime minister, but it gained little support.[4]
In 1941, the World War II Axis Powers occupied Yugoslavia, and establishing a government-in-exile in London. Legally, the Banovina of Croatia remained a part of the occupied Kingdom of Yugoslavia, while the Axis proceeded to dimember Yugoslav territory and the Banovina along with it. Some of the coastal areas from Split to Zadar and near the Gulf of Kotor were annexed by Fascist Italy but the remainder was added to the Independent State of Croatia, a Nazi puppet-state formed in occupied Yugoslavia. As the Kingdom of Yugoslavia became the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia with the success of the Yugoslav Partisans, a new Federal State of Croatia was established within it, succeeding the Banovina.
Population
| History of Croatia | |
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 This article is part of a series |
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| Early history | |
| Prehistoric Croatia | |
| Origins of the Croats | |
| White Croatia | |
| Medieval history | |
| Littoral Croatia | |
| Kingdom of Croatia | |
| Republic of Poljica | |
| Republic of Dubrovnik | |
| Habsburg Empire | |
| Kingdom of Croatia | |
| Kingdom of Slavonia | |
| Illyrian Provinces | |
| Kingdom of Dalmatia | |
| Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia | |
| State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs | |
| Yugoslavia | |
| World War II (Federal State of Croatia, |
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| Socialist Republic of Croatia | |
| Contemporary Croatia | |
| War of independence | |
| Republic of Croatia | |
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Croatia Portal |
Banovina of Croatia was populated mostly by Croats (74%), but it also had large Serb minority (19%). It was divided on 99 kotars of which 81 had Croat majority, 17 Serbian (12 absolute, 5 relative) and 1 which Muslim majority which were not considered separate nation at the time.
Sports
The Croatian Football Federation was the governing body of football within the Banovina. It organized a domestic league and a national team. The Banovina of Croatia had four international matches: two pairs of home-and-away matches against Switzerland and Hungary. The Croatian Rowing Championships were held on June 29, 1940.[5]
Maps
 Bannates of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia prior to the establishment of the Banovina of Croatia |
See also
References
External links
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