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Barbarossa

 
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: Barbarossa
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(died 1546) Greek Turkish pirate and admiral in the service of the Ottoman Empire. He and his brother 'Aruj, sons of a Turk from Lesbos, hated the Spanish and Portuguese for their attacks on North Africa and took up piracy on the Barbary Coast in hopes of seizing an African domain for themselves. When 'Aruj was killed in 1518, Khidr took the title Khayr al-Din. He offered allegiance to the Ottoman sultan and in return received military aid that enabled him to capture Algiers in 1529. Appointed admiral in chief of the Ottoman Empire (1533), he conquered all of Tunisia. Emperor Charles V captured Tunis in 1535, but Khayr al-Din defeated his fleet at the Battle of Preveza (1538), securing the eastern Mediterranean for the Turks for 33 years. His red beard was the source of the epithet Barbarossa, used by Europeans.

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German Literature Companion: Barbarossa
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Barbarossa, the Italian nickname of the Emperor Friedrich I. It is also the title of a poem by F. Rückert, written in 1813, which embodies the legend of Barbarossa's readiness to return in time of need.

 
Columbia Encyclopedia: Barbarossa
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Barbarossa (bär'bərŏs'ə) [Ital.,=red-beard], surname of the Turkish corsair Khayr ad-Din (c.1483-1546). Barbarossa and his brother Aruj, having seized (1518) Algiers from the Spanish, placed Algeria under Turkish suzerainty. He extended his conquests to the rest of the Barbary States. Between 1533 and 1544, as admiral of the Turkish fleet under Sulayman I, he twice defeated Andrea Doria and ravaged the coasts of Greece, Spain, and Italy. His able son Hasan (d. 1572) succeeded him in Algeria.

Bibliography

See biography by E. D. S. Bradford (1969).

Dictionary: Bar·ba·ros·sa1   (bär'bə-rŏs'ə, -rôs'ə) pronunciation, (European name for Khair ed-Din.) Died 1546.
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Greek-born Turkish corsair who with his brother Arouj (died 1518) ravaged the coasts of Spain, Italy, and Greece.


Wikipedia: Barbarossa
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Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. © 2006 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
German Literature Companion. The Oxford Companion to German Literature. Copyright © 1976, 1986, 1997, 2005 by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.  Read more
Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/.  Read more
Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Barbarossa".  Read more