| Barium sulfide | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Bologna stone |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | [] |
| EC number | |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | BaS |
| Molar mass | 169.39 g/mol |
| Density | 4.25 g/cm3 [1] |
| Melting point |
1200 °C |
| Boiling point |
decomposes |
| Solubility in water | 2.88 g/cm3 (0 °C) 7.68 g/cm3 (20 °C) 60.3 g/100 mL (100 °C) |
| Solubility | insoluble in alcohol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 2.155 |
| Structure | |
| Crystal structure | Halite (cubic), cF8 |
| Space group | Fm3m, No. 225 |
| Coordination geometry |
Octahedral (Ba2+); octahedral (S2–) |
| Hazards | |
| EU Index | 016-002-00-X |
| EU classification | Harmful (Xn) Dangerous for the environment (N) |
| R-phrases | R20/22, R31, R50 |
| S-phrases | (S2), S28, S61 |
| NFPA 704 |
 3
2
0
|
| Related compounds | |
| Other anions | Barium oxide |
| Other cations | Magnesium sulfide Calcium sulfide Strontium sulfide |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox references |
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Barium sulfide is the chemical compound with the formula BaS. This material was once known as "Bologna Stone", the first synthetic phosphor. Currently the chalcogenides of the alkaline earth metals are intensely studied as candidates for short wavelength emitters for electronic displays.[2] BaS is considered to be the most important synthetic material of barium, being the precursor to BaCO3 and the pigment lithopone, ZnS/BaSO4.[3]
Discovery, production, properties
The BaS was prepared by Vincentius (or Vincentinus) Casciarolus (or Casciorolus, 1571-1624) via a crude version of what is now known as a "carbothermic reduction", employing flour in place of carbon:[4]
- BaSO4 + 2 C → BaS + 2 CO2
BaSO4 is available as the common mineral barite.
BaS, m.p. 1200 °C, crystallizes with the NaCl structure and is currently manufactured by an improved version of Casciarolus's route: using coke in place of flour. It is colorless, although like many sulfides, it is commonly obtained in impure colored forms.
Safety
BaS is quite poisonous, as are related sulfides, such as CaS, which evolve toxic hydrogen sulfide upon contact with water. The particular problem with BaS is that its name resembles that of the insoluble, non-toxic material given in large doses to some medical patients. Switching BaS for BaSO4 is lethal.
References
- ^ Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, 2002, ISBN 0070494398
- ^ Vij, D. R.; Singh, N. "Optical and electrical properties of II-VI wide gap semiconducting barium sulfide" Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering (1992), 1523(Conf. Phys. Technol. Semicond. Devices Integr. Circuits, 1992), 608-12.
- ^ Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
- ^ F. Licetus, Litheosphorus, sive de lapide Bononiensi lucem in se conceptam ab ambiente claro mox in tenebris mire conservante, Utini, ex typ. N. Schiratti, 1640. See http://www.chem.leeds.ac.uk/delights/texts/Demonstration_21.htm
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