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Baron Lawrence

 
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: John Laird Mair Lawrence

(born March 4, 1811, Richmond, Yorkshire, Eng. — died June 27, 1879, London) British viceroy and governor-general of India (1864 – 69). He worked in Delhi as an assistant judge, magistrate, and tax collector. After the First Sikh War (1845 – 46) he was made commissioner of the newly annexed district of Jullundur, where he subdued the hill chiefs, established courts and police posts, and curbed female infanticide and suttee. On the Punjab board of administration he abolished internal duties, introduced a uniform currency, and encouraged road and canal construction. As viceroy and governor-general from 1864, he promoted increased educational opportunities for Indians but resisted their appointment to high civil-service posts. He avoided entanglements in the affairs of Arabia, the Persian Gulf, and Afghanistan.

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British History: John Laird Mair Lawrence
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Lawrence, John Laird Mair, 1st Baron (1811-79). Lawrence was born in Yorkshire, educated at Haileybury School, and joined the East India Company service in 1830. He achieved celebrity during and after the Sikh wars (1845-6 and 1848-9). As the first commissioner of Jullundur district, he laid the foundations of ‘the Punjab school’ of administration which identified closely with the interests of the peasantry and sought to preserve traditional forms of society and law. He was viceroy of India from 1864 to 1869, and was given his barony on leaving office.

 
Columbia Encyclopedia: John Laird Mair Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence
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Lawrence, John Laird Mair Lawrence, 1st Baron, 1811-79, British colonial administrator in India; brother of Sir Henry Montgomery Lawrence. He went to India in 1829 and served in many administrative posts. In 1846, after the first Sikh War, he was made commissioner of the newly acquired Sikh territory. After the total annexation (1849) of the Punjab, Lawrence and his brother Henry reorganized the province, creating a system of administration by which all government functions in each district were concentrated in the hands of a single official, the district commissioner. The Punjab remained quiet during the Indian Mutiny (1857-58), and Lawrence directed the British troops in the recapture of Delhi. He returned to England in 1859 but in 1863 was appointed viceroy of India. Lawrence was a vigorous opponent of the expansionist policies that led to the Afghan Wars.

Bibliography

See studies by D. Pal (1952) and M. Edwardes (1958).

Wikipedia: Baron Lawrence
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Baron Lawrence, of the Punjab and of Grateley in the County of Southampton, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1869 for Sir John Lawrence, 1st Baronet, the former Viceroy of India. He had already been created a Baronet, of the Army, in 1858. His son, the second Baron, served in the Conservative administrations of Lord Salisbury and Arthur Balfour as a government whip from 1895 to 1905. As of 2009 the titles are held by his great-grandson, the fifth Baron, who succeeded his father in 1968.

Two other members of the Lawrence family may also be mentioned. Sir Henry Montgomery Lawrence was the elder brother of the first Baron Lawrence. Charles Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence of Kingsgate, was a younger son of the first Baron.

Barons Lawrence (1869)

There is no heir to the barony and baronetcy.

References

  • Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.
  • Leigh Rayment's Peerage Page

 
 
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Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. © 2006 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
British History. A Dictionary of British History. Copyright © 2001, 2004 by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.  Read more
Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/ Read more
Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Baron Lawrence" Read more