Barro Colorado Island

The Barro Colorado Research Station

Barro Colorado Island (BCI) is located in the man-made Gatun Lake in the middle of the Panama Canal. The island was formed when the waters of the Chagres River were dammed to form the lake. When the waters rose, they covered a significant part of the existing rainforest, and the hilltops remained as islands in the middle of the lake. It has an area of 15.6 km² (6.0 sq mi).^[1]

The island was set aside as a nature reserve on April 17, 1923 by the U.S. Government.^[2] Initially administered by the Panama Canal Company under the direction of James Zetek,^[3] since 1946 Barro Colorado Island has been administered by the Smithsonian, together with five adjacent peninsulas, as the Barro Colorado Nature Monument (BCNM).^[2] The BCNM has an area of 54 km².^[4] It is among the most-studied areas of tropical forest in the world.^[5] The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) has a permanent research center on the island, dedicated to studying rainforest ecosystems.^[4] Because the Island's diverse ecosystem has been very little altered by humans, Barro Colorado has been studied for over eighty years within a great variety of biological disciplines. Only the larger fauna disappeared from Barro Colorado after the lake was flooded in 1914. Many scientific studies have been conducted to document the changes in the species composition of the island.

Hundreds of scientists conduct research projects on Barro Colorado Island every year.^[2]

In 1978, Thomas Croat published his Flora of Barro Colorado Island documenting the plant species on the island.^[1][2] In 1999, Egbert Leigh, who first visited the island in 1966, and now spends half his week there, published Tropical Forest Ecology : A View from Barro Colorado Island.^[6][7] In 2002 The Tapir's Morning Bath by Elizabeth Royte was published, chronicling the lives and work of scientists working on the island.^[5]

Forest dynamics plot

In 1980, a 50-ha forest dynamics plot was established on BCI by researchers from STRI and Princeton University. The first census was conducted in 1982 and recorded every free-standing tree and shrub in the plot of more than 1-cm dbh, totalling approximately 240,000 stems of 303 different species. It has been recensused every 5 years since 1985, allowing scientists to study the normal dynamics of the forest, as well as extreme events, such as El Niño.^[8] Another 50 ha plot was later established in the Pasoh forest reserve, Malaysia in 1987, allowing the dynamics of two tropical forests to be compared.^[9]

References

Coordinates: 9°09′N 79°51′W / 9.15°N 79.85°W / 9.15; -79.85