Batman was a 15-chapter serial released in 1943 by Columbia Pictures. The serial starred Lewis Wilson as Batman and Douglas Croft as Robin. J. Carrol Naish played the villain, an original character named Dr. Daka. Rounding out the cast were Shirley Patterson as Linda Page (Bruce Wayne's love interest), and William Austin as Alfred. The plot is based on Batman, a US government agent, attempting to defeat the Japanese agent Dr. Daka, at the height of World War II.
The film is notable for being the first filmed appearance of Batman and for providing two core elements of the Batman mythos. The film introduced "The Bat's Cave" and the Grandfather clock entrance. The name was altered to the Batcave in the comic. William Austin had a trim physique and sported a thin mustache. The contemporary comic Alfred was overweight and clean-shaven prior to this serial's release. The comics version of Alfred was altered to match that of Austin's. This is the way he is usually portrayed now. The popularity of a re-release of this serial in the 1960s, called An Evening with Batman and Robin, directly led to the Batman television series starring Adam West and Burt Ward. However, it hasn't been officially said whether or not the serial takes place in the same continuity as the Batman 1960s show.
Plot
The film's plot dealt with Batman and Robin's struggle against Dr. Daka, a Japanese spy who invented a device that turns people into pseudo-zombies.
Cast
Production
The film was made at the height of World War II, and like numerous works of popular American fiction of the time, contains anti-German and, in this case, Anti-Japanese ethnic slurs and comments (in one scene, one of Daka's henchmen turns on him, saying, "That's the kind of answer that fits the color of your skin."). The film also suffered from a low budget, just like other contemporary serials. No attempt was made to create a bona fide Batmobile, so a black Cadillac was used by Bruce Wayne and Dick Grayson, as well as Batman and Robin. Alfred chauffeured the Dynamic Duo in both identities.
While many serials made changes during adaptation, to the extent that they were "often 'improved' almost out of recognition", Batman "fared better than most" and the changes were minor. A normal limousine replaced the Batmobile, the utility belts are present but unused and Batman is a secret government agent in this serial instead of an independent vigilante. This last change was due to the film censors, who would not allow the hero to be seen taking the law into his own hands.[1]
Several continuity errors occur in the serial, such as Batman losing his cape in a fight but wearing it again after the film only briefly cut away.[1]
Press releases announced it as a "Super Serial" and it was Columbia's largest-scale serial production to date. The studio gave it publicity campaign equivalent to a feature film.[2]
Cliffhangers
The quality of the cliffhangers varies according to episode. Chapter ten ends with Batman in a plane crash. In the resolution, Batman simply staggered out of the wreckage, slightly dazed but otherwise unhurt. In the words of Jim Harmon and Donald Glut, this "might as well have been a silent comedy."[1]
Release
Theatrical
Batman was first released in theaters on 16 July 1943.[3]
In 1965, the serial was re-released in theaters as An Evening with Batman and Robin, in one complete marathon showing, to capitalize on its camp value.[1][1][2]
Home media
The serial was released on home video in the late 1980s in a heavily edited format that removed the offensive racial content. A reviewer for the magazine Cinefantastique commented, "The changes aren't surprising when you see that Columbia is now owned by Japan's Sony Corporation. It appears that some of Daka's operatives escaped Batman's justice and were rewarded with positions at the new George Orwell department at Columbia." It should be noted that the edited version was not released by Columbia, but Goodtimes Home Video, an independent distributor.
However, in 1989, the cable network The Comedy Channel (United States) aired the serial uncut and uncensored. The cable network American Movie Classics did the same in the early 1990s on Saturday mornings.
Sony released the serial on DVD in October 2005. The DVD release is an unedited version, with the exception of Chapter 2, which is missing its "next Chapter" sequence.
The serial was also released on home movie formats in the 1960s and 1970s:
The 1960s: A Silent abridged version. The complete serial edited into 6 Chapters (available in 8mm and Super-8) running 10 minutes each. Also a 7th 3-minute reel titled "Batman's Last Chance" with action scenes was also issued.
The 1970s: The complete 15 chapter serial (in its original unaltered format) was released in a Super-8 Sound edition.
Critical reception
Stedman notes that the serial "gained good press notices" but "scarcely deserves them," going on to describe it as an "unintentional farce."[4] Harmon and Glut describe Batman as "one of the most ludicrous serials ever made" despite its "forthright simplicity."[1] It was, nevertheless, popular enough for a sequel, Batman and Robin, to be approved.[1] Lewis Wilson's face resembled that of Bruce Wayne and he played his part with sincerity.[1] However, his physique was unathletic and "thick about the middle" while his voice was both too high and had a Boston accent.[1][4] Both the actors and their stunt doubles lacked the "style and grace" of either the comic characters they were portraying or their equivalents at Republic Pictures.[1] Although the Batman costume was based on his first appearance[5] both costumes were unconvincing[1]. The Batman costume was baggy and "topped by pair of devils horns."[4]
Influence
An Evening with Batman and Robin was especially popular in college towns, where theaters were booked solid, The success of this led to the creation of the Batman series.[1][2] The breathless opening and closing narration of each chapter in this and other Columbia serials was to some extent the model that was parodied in the series.
The success of both the re-release and the subsequent TV series prompted the production of another serial based series, the Green Hornet TV series. It was played as a straight action mystery series, "in the tradition of its former presentations," and was also very popular with audiences but lasted only one season due to significantly higher production costs. As a result, serial revivals were not believed to be possible at that time.[2]
Chapter titles
- The Electrical Brain
- The Bat's Cave
- The Mark of the Zombies
- Slaves of the Rising Sun
- The Living Corpse
- Poison Peril
- The Phoney Doctor
- Lured by Radium
- The Sign of the Sphinx
- Flying Spies
- A Nipponese Trap
- Embers of Evil
- Eight Steps Down
- The Executioner Strikes
- The Doom of the Rising Sun
Source:[3]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Harmon, Jim; Donald F. Glut. "15. Last Chapter "The Final Chapter"". The Great Movie Serials: Their Sound and Fury. Routledge. pp. pp. 368. ISBN 9780713000979.
- ^ a b c d Cline, William C.. "2. In Search of Ammunition". In the Nick of Time. McFarland & Company, Inc.. pp. pp. 14-15, 25. ISBN 078640471X.
- ^ a b Cline, William C.. "Filmography". In the Nick of Time. McFarland & Company, Inc.. pp. pp. 235-236. ISBN 078640471X.
- ^ a b c Stedman, Raymond William. "5. Shazam and Good-by". Serials: Suspense and Drama By Installment. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. pp. 129. ISBN 9780806109275.
- ^ Harmon, Jim; Donald F. Glut. "9. The Superheroes "Could Superman Knock Out Captain Marvel"". The Great Movie Serials: Their Sound and Fury. Routledge. pp. pp. 222. ISBN 9780713000979.
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