Battle of Carham
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battle of Carham
Carham, battle of, 1018. Malcolm II of Scotland with his ally Owain of Strathclyde took advantage of Cnut's efforts to establish himself as ruler of England to invade Northumbria. He inflicted a severe defeat on the Northumbrians at Carham, south-west of Coldstream. It meant a significant shift in the balance of power in the north, helping to establish the Tweed as the border.
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Battle of Carham
| Battle of Carham | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Belligerents | |||||||
| Kingdom of England | Kingdom of Scotland | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Huctred, son of Waldef | Malcolm II of Scotland | ||||||
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The Battle of Carham was a battle between the Kingdom of Scotland and the Northumbrians at Carham on Tweed in 1018 or possibly 1016. It is also sometimes known as the Battle of Coldstream, from the town of Coldstream. The battle was a victory for Máel Coluim II described as 'Malcolm son of Cyneth, king of Scots' and Owain the Bald, King of Strathclyde over 'Huctred, son of Waldef, earl of the Northumbrians', as he was described by Symeon of Durham.
The importance of the battle is a matter of controversy, especially in regard to the region of Lothian. Whereas Scottish historians hold that Lothian was won for Scotland at Carham, others led by Marjorie O. Anderson hold it was the English king Edgar the Peaceful who granted Lothian to the Kenneth, King of Scots, in 973. In English sources, the Battle of Carham is not given any special significance.[1] Still others, such as G.W.S. Barrow hold, that "What English annalists recorded as the 'cession' of Lothian was... the recognition by a powerful but extremely remote south-country king of a long-standing fait accompli."[1]
After Carham, much of present day Scotland was under the control of the King of Scots although Norsemen still held sway in Ross, Caithness, Sutherland and The Isles. The Lords of Galloway remained semi-independent. 'Scotland' was the term used to describe what constitutes present-day Scotland south of the Forth and Clyde. The kingdom north of that east-west line continued to be called 'Scotia' for some considerable time to come. Indeed, it was not until the time of King David I of Scotland that people in the south-east of the kingdom began to think of themselves as 'Scots'. In his own charters (e.g. to St Cuthbert's in Edinburgh), he continued to refer to the men of Lothian as 'English'.
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Coordinates: 55°38′13″N 2°19′15″W / 55.63694°N 2.32083°W
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