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Les Baux

 
 
The Alpilles & the Garrigues: Worth a Side-Trip: Les Baux de Provence

According to some legends, the ancient Lords of Les Baux de Provence threw enemies from the ramparts of their 11th-century castle, overlooking the Val d’Enfer (the Valley of Hell). The Lords were an argumentative bunch and in 1633 Louis XIII had the castle destroyed to quash their rebellious tendencies. The remains of the castle and the medieval ghost town (the Ville Morte), perched on a plateau at the highest point in the Alpilles, still lord it over the countryside. The rest of Les Baux is a pretty – if slightly touristique – village of winding streets and ancient stone houses, designated one of the Plus Beaux Villages de France (Most Beautiful Villages) by the French Tourist Authority. It’s full of shops, restaurants and narrow, walled ruelles – tiny streets that open to amazing vistas at every turn. If you’re not worried about heights, climb up to the Saracen Tower on the southern edge of the plateau and you may be able to see all the way to the Mediterranean at Aigues-Mortes. For the most dramatic views, follow one of the many footpaths leading down the western slope from the Rue Porte Eyguières to the Vallon de la Fontaine.

The Château and Ancient Village: Château des Baux de Provence, 13520 Les Baux de Provence, ☎ 33 04 90 54 55 56, fax 33 04 90 54 55 00, www.chateau-baux-provence.com. Open every day from 9 am, spring to 7:30 pm, summer to 8:30 pm, autumn to 6:30 pm, winter to 5 pm. Admission: Adults €7, concessions €5.50, children up to 18 years €3.50, children under seven free.

Getting Here: 4.8 miles south of St. Rèmy on the D27; watch for a left turn onto the D27A which winds up the short distance to Les Baux. Automobiles are prohibited and the streets are too steep and cobbled for cyclists. Park in the Pay and Display areas at the bottom of the town. July and August are the most crowded. If you have no other choice, aim to arrive very early or after 5 pm.

More Information: Municipal Office of Tourism des Baux de Provence, Maison du Roy, Rue Porte Mage, 13520 Les Baux de Provence. ☎ 33 04 90 54 34 39, fax 33 04 90 54 51 15, tourisme@lesbauxdeprovence.com, www.lesbauxdeprovence.com.

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Columbia Encyclopedia: Les Baux
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Baux, Les (lā bō), village (1993 est. pop. 458), Bouches-du-Rhône dept., SE France, in Provence. Nearby are the ruins of a medieval town. The once flourishing town, carved out of dazzling white limestone, was the seat of a powerful feudal family. Destroyed by gunfire in 1632 as a stronghold of enemies of the crown, its ruins are a great tourist attraction. Bauxite was first discovered (1821) there and named accordingly.


Wikipedia: Les Baux-de-Provence
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Coordinates: 43°44′38″N 4°47′43″E / 43.7438888889°N 4.79527777778°E / 43.7438888889; 4.79527777778

Commune of Les Baux-de-Provence

Baux.arp.750pix.jpg
Location
Les Baux-de-Provence is located in France
Les Baux-de-Provence
Administration
Country France
Region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Department Bouches-du-Rhône
Arrondissement Arles
Canton Saint-Rémy-de-Provence
Intercommunality Vallée des Baux
Mayor Gérard Jouve
(2001–2008)
Statistics
Elevation 52–310 m (170–1,020 ft)
Land area1 17 km2 (6.6 sq mi)
Population2 434  (1999)
 - Density 26 /km² (67 /sq mi)
Miscellaneous
INSEE/Postal code 13011/ 13520
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.
2 Population sans doubles comptes: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Les Baux-de-Provence is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in southern France, in the province of Provence. It has a spectacular position in the Alpilles mountains, set atop a rocky outcrop crowned with a ruined castle overlooking the plains to the south. Its names refers to its site — in Provençal, a baou is a rocky spur. The village gives its name to the aluminium ore Bauxite which was first discovered there in 1821 by geologist Pierre Berthier.

Contents

History

The defensive possibilities of Les Baux led to the site being settled early on in human history. Traces of habitation have been found dating back as far as 6000 BC, and the site was used by the Celts as a hill fort or oppidum around the 2nd century BC. During the Middle Ages it became the seat of a powerful feudal lordship that controlled 79 towns and villages in the vicinity. The lords of Baux sought control of Provence for many years. They claimed ancestry from the Magus king Balthazar and placed the Star of Bethlehem on their coat of arms. The knights of Les Baux use a scent derived from Cypress trees before battle to give them courage, as the symbol of Les Baux is the Cypress tree. L'Occitane En Provence make a [men's range][1] in this scent (Cypress, Frankincense and Vanilla) as a way of preserving the culture.

Despite their strengths, the lords of Baux were deposed in the 12th century. However, the great castle at Les Baux became renowned for its court, famed for a high level of ornateness, culture and chivalry. The domain was finally extinguished in the 15th century with the death of the last princess of Baux, Alice of Baux.

Les Baux was later joined, along with Provence, to the French crown under the governance of the Manville family. It became a centre for Protestantism and its unsuccessful revolt against the crown, led Cardinal Richelieu in 1632 to order that the castle and its walls should be demolished.

The town was granted in 1642 to the Grimaldi family, rulers of Monaco, as a French marquisiate. To this day the title of Marquis des Baux remains with the Grimaldis, although administratively the town is entirely French. The title is traditionally given to the heir to the throne of Monaco. Princess Caroline of Monaco uses the style Marquise des Baux, but, being a French title it can only pass through a male line under Salic law. It lapsed on the death of her grandfather Prince Louis II, the last male in a direct line.

In 1822 the mineral bauxite was discovered near Les Baux by the geologist Pierre Berthier. It was mined extensively in the area, but by the end of the 20th century had been completely worked out; France now imports most of its bauxite from west Africa.

Les Baux today

Trebuchet

Les Baux is now given over entirely to the tourist trade, relying on a reputation as one of the most picturesque villages in France. Its population of 22 in the old village is a fraction of its peak population of over 4,000, and many of its buildings (in particular the castle) are picturesque ruins.

The surrounding dramatic rocks and cliffs are said to have inspired Dante Alighieri in his vivid descriptions of Purgatory in Purgatorio, the second book of the Divine Comedy.

In the Château des Baux demonstrations of huge catapults (the biggest Trebuchet in Europe, a Couillard also called biffa and a Bricole) are given every day from April to September.

Les Baux was the third pitstop on the US television show Amazing Race 1

See also

Les Baux-de-Provence village, seen from North-West, on the D27 road

External links


 
 
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Provence & the French Riviera Adventure Guide. Provence & the Côte d'Azur. Copyright © 2004 by Hunter Publishing, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/ Read more
Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Les Baux-de-Provence" Read more