Beary bashe ("Beary language") is a dialect spoken by the Muslim communities of Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts of Karnataka known as Bearys(Byaris).[1] While Muslims of Uttara Kannada, called Nawayaths, speak a dialect of Konkani and Mappilas of Kerala speak Malayalam(Mappila Malayalam), Bearys spoke a language made of Malayalam idioms with Tulu phonology and grammar.[1]. This dialect was traditionally known as Mappila Malayalam because of Bearys' close contact with Mappilas.[1] Due to vast influence of Tulu for centuries, it is today considered as a language, close to both Malayalam and Tulu.[1]
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Features
Being a distant cousin of other dialects of Malayalam and surrounded by other linguistic groups for centuries, mainly Tulu and Kannada, the dialect exhibits ancient features as well as modern innovations not seen in other well known dialects of Malayalam.[2] Surrounded by Tulu speaking community, the impact of Tulu on the phonological, morphological and syntactical structure of the dialect is evident.[3]
Distinction of ḻ, ṇ, ṟ
Sounds peculiar to Malayalam such as 'ḻ', 'ṇ', 'ṟ' are not found in this dialect.[4] Even 'ḷ' and 'ṇ' are merged with l and n respectively.[4] The sound 'ṟ' is merged with r and tt, 'tt' to t.[5] This is same as case in Tulu.[5]
| Beary bashe | Malayalam | English |
|---|---|---|
| Sante | Chanta | Market |
| Ēni | Ēṇi | Ladder |
| Puli | Puḷi | Tamarind |
| Kāttu | Kāttu | Wind |
Distinction of ‘v’ and ‘b’
The initial ‘v’ of standard Malayalam corresponds to initial ‘b’ of Beary bashe.[5] The same change has taken place in Tulu also.
| Beary bashe | Malayalam | Tulu | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bēli | Vēli | Bēli | Fence |
| Bittu | Vittu | Bitte | Seed |
| Bādage | Vāṭaka | Bādai | Rent |
Distinction of ‘a’ and ‘e’
The final ‘a’ of standard Malayalam corresponds to the final ‘e’ in Beary bashe.[5]
| Beary bashe | Malayalam | English |
|---|---|---|
| Āme | Āma | Tortoise |
| Cēre | Cēra | Rat Snake |
| Mūle | Mūla | Corner |
Distinction of ‘n’ and ‘m’
The word final ‘n’ and ‘m’ of standard Malayalam are dropped in Beary bashe.[5]
| Beary bashe | Malayalam | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ādya | Ādyam | First |
| illa | illam | Family |
| Kalla | Kaḷḷan | Thief |
| Kuppāya | Kuppāyam | Cloth |
Degeminated consonants
Geminated consonants occurring after a long vowel and also after a second short vowel of a word in standard Malayalam get degeminated in Beary bashe.[6]
| Beary bashe | Malayalam | Tulu | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pūce | Pūcca | Puche | Cat |
| Māṅe | Māṅṅa | Kukku | Mango |
Loans from other languages
As well as Malayalam and Tulu, we can see an influx from other languages, such as Tamil and Kannada.
| Beary bashe | Tamil | Malayalam | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| tanni | tanni | Vellam | water |
| kaadhu | kaadh | kaath | ear |
Lexical relations
Almost all lexical items in Beary bashe can be related to corresponding lexical items in Malayalam, Tulu or Perso-Arabic origin.[7] However, some equivalents can only be found in Mappila dialects of Malayalam in Kerala.[7]
Personal terminations/suffixes
Verbs in primitive Dravidian languages did not have any personal terminations.[8] Personal terminations of verbs observed in modern Dravidian languages are later innovations.[8] Malayalam is the only Dravidian language that does not show any personal terminations or suffixes to the verbs.[8] Malayalam verbs represent the primitive stage of Dravidian verbs.[8] The personal terminations found in Beary bashe may be a change borrowed from Tulu.[8] The Mappila Malayalam dialect of Malayalam does not show any personal terminations or suffixes to verbs.[8] Personal suffixes in Beary bashe closely resemble that of Tulu.[8], although the past tense in this dialect agree with the standard Malayalam in shape as well as the distribution of allomorphs in the suffix.[8]
See also
Notes
- ^ a b c d Upadhyaya 1996, p. ix
- ^ Upadhyaya 1996, p. 63
- ^ Upadhyaya 1996, p. 64
- ^ a b Upadhyaya 1996, p.65
- ^ a b c d e Upadhyaya 1996, p.66
- ^ Upadhyaya 1996, p.67
- ^ a b Upadhyaya 1996, p.79
- ^ a b c d e f g h Upadhyaya 1996, p.68
References
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This article relies largely or entirely upon a single source. Please help improve this article by introducing appropriate citations of additional sources. (November 2008) |
- Upadhyaya, U. Padmanabha (1996), "Coastal Karnataka: Studies in Folkloristic and Linguistic Traditions of Dakshina Kannada Region of the Western Coast of India", First All India Conference of Dravidian Linguistics, Thiruvananthapuram, 1973 (Udupi: Rashtrakavi Govind Pai Samshodhana Kendra), ISBN 81-86668-06-3
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