Beauty and the Beast is a 1991 American animated feature produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation which premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood on November 13, 1991. The thirtieth film in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series, the film is based on the fairy tale La Belle et la Bête by Jeanne-Marie Le Prince de Beaumont, who was uncredited in the English version of the film but credited in the French version as writer of the novel.[2]
The film centers around a beast who keeps a beautiful young woman named Belle in a castle. The beast must win Belle's love or he will remain a beast forever. It is the only full-length animated feature film to ever be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Picture. Heightening the level of performance in the era known as the Disney Renaissance (1989–1999, beginning with The Little Mermaid and ending with Tarzan), many animated films following its release have been influenced by its blending of traditional animation and computer generated imagery.
The film was adapted to an animation screenplay by Linda Woolverton and directed by Gary Trousdale and Kirk Wise. The music of the film was composed by Alan Menken and Howard Ashman, both of whom had written the music and songs for Disney's The Little Mermaid. It was a significant success at the box-office, with more than $145 million in domestic revenues alone and over $403 million in worldwide revenues.[3][4] This high number of sales made it the third-most successful movie of 1991, surpassed only by summer blockbusters Terminator 2: Judgment Day and Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves. It was also the most successful animated Disney film at the time and the first animated movie to reach $100 million at the domestic box-office.[5]
On November 11, 1997, a midquel called Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas was released direct-to-video. It was quickly followed by another midquel titled Belle's Magical World that was released on February 17, 1998. A theatrical production and a television spin-off film, Sing Me a Story with Belle, were also released.
Plot
The film's prologue shows that the Beast, formerly a young prince, and his entire household had been transformed by a spell cast by an enchantress as punishment for his insensitive behavior. An enchanted rose, which the enchantress previously offered to the prince in exchange for shelter while disguised as a beggar woman, serves as an hourglass for the prince; it would bloom until the prince's twenty-first year, and he would remain a beast unless he learned to love and is loved in return before the rose's last petal fell.
Years later, a beautiful young woman named Belle lives in a nearby village with her father, Maurice, who is an inventor. Belle is seen as "odd" by the other townsfolk because of her love for reading, and is the object of unwanted attention from the local hero, Gaston, whom she perceives as "rude and conceited". Belle reveals her feelings of loneliness to her father, who promises her that his next invention, a wood-chopping machine, will be the start of a new life for both of them.
Maurice rides off to a fair with his invention, but gets lost and loses his horse as night falls. While being pursued by hungry wolves, he stumbles upon a castle and enters. Enchanted household items - Lumiere, Mrs. Potts, and her son, Chip - welcome him despite the disapproval of Cogsworth, the castle majordomo. The Beast is enraged when he discovers Maurice in the castle and locks him in a dungeon in the castle tower. Belle is taken to the castle by her father's horse and offers to take the place of her father and the Beast agrees and sends Maurice back. Maurice tries to tell people back in the town what has happened to Belle, but they think he is insane, so he decides to set off to get her back on his own.
The famous ballroom dance sequence.
Meanwhile, in the castle, Belle angers the Beast when she refuses his invitation to a dinner. Slighted, the Beast orders his servants not to let her eat if she does not want to eat with him. However, Belle still has her dinner and even walks around the castle with Cogsworth and Lumiere as her tour guides. When she finds the West Wing, a place that Beast had forbidden her to go, curiosity gets the better of her and she decides to look around. In the Beast's room, Belle is drawn to a torn painting of Adam before spotting a beautiful rose on a table. As she removes the bell jar, the Beast discovers her and angrily chases her away.
Frightened, Belle runs away. She does not get far, however, when she is attacked by wolves in the forest. Suddenly, the Beast comes to save her but is wounded during the attack. To thank her for nursing his wound, the Beast gives her a surprise, the castle library. After that, Belle and the Beast become friends.
The household items are hopeful that Belle may fall in love with the Beast and break the spell. The relationship reaches its climax with an elegant dinner and ballroom dance. The Beast and Belle dance gracefully in a romantic ballroom, seemingly one of the only places virtually untouched by the Enchantress' magic, with candlelight.
When they goes out to the balcony, Belle confesses she misses her father, and the Beast attempts to comfort her by taking her to the West Wing to use the magic mirror. She requests to see her father and sees him alone in the woods, sick and possibly dying. The Beast unselfishly releases her to go rescue him, telling her to keep the magic mirror to remember him by. The household items in the castle are horrified that the Beast has let Belle go, fearing their chance to become human again is gone forever. Belle finds her father and takes him back to their house to nurse him back to health.
However, Gaston arrives with a lynch mob to take Maurice to the asylum unless Belle agrees to marry him. Belle proves her father sane, by showing them the Beast with the magic mirror. However, Gaston convinces the mob that the Beast is threat to the community and leads the mob to the castle. Most of the mob is fought away by the enchanted artifacts of the castle, but Gaston slips away from the battle to look for the Beast. He finds the Beast alone in the West Wing and attacks him. The Beast seems too depressed to fight back, but regains the will to fight when he sees Belle arriving at the castle. A heated battle ensues between the two, culminating when the Beast grabs Gaston by the neck and threatens to throw him off the roof. Gaston begs for his life, and the Beast relents (seemingly recognizing a bit of himself in Gaston's pleas) and tells Gaston to leave. When the Beast climbs up to the balcony where Belle is waiting for him, Gaston stabs him from behind, but loses his footing and falls to his death.
The dying Beast tells Belle that he was happy to see her one last time, and dies from his injuries. Belle whispers that she loves him just before the last petal falls from the rose, and breaks the spell. The Beast is brought back to life and reverted to his human form, the castle becomes beautiful again, and the enchanted objects turn back into humans. The last scene shows Belle and the prince dancing in the ballroom as her father and the inhabitants of the castle happily watch them.
Production
Walt Disney sought out other stories to turn into feature films after the success of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, and Beauty and the Beast was one of the stories he considered.[6][7] Attempts to develop the Beauty and the Beast story into a film were made in the 1930s and 1950s, but were ultimately given up because it "proved to be a challenge" for the story team.[6] Peter M. Nichols states Disney may later have been discouraged by Jean Cocteau having already done his version.[8]
After the success of The Little Mermaid in the late 1980s, the Disney team made more attempts to adapt Beauty and the Beast into a film, but an initial story reel was scrapped because it "did not work".[6] Howard Ashman, Alan Menken, and Don Hahn continued with the project, with Hahn bringing in first-time animation feature directors Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale to direct the film. Ashman and Menken worked closely with the story team to create a "Broadway-style" score to help develop the plot and characters.[6] Since the original story had only two major characters in it, the filmmakers enhanced them, added new characters in the form of enchanted household items who "add warmth and comedy to a gloomy story" and guide the audience through the film, and added a "real villain" in the form of Gaston.[6] In addition, "Beauty and the Beast" was also written in script form, a first and, at the time, an unusual production move for an animated film. Linda Woolverton wrote the script.[6]
Producer Don Hahn mentions that the prologue of the film, which tells the story from the Beast's perspective, is different from other versions of the story. The use of stained glass windows in the prologue was done because the team wanted to have the "fairy tale classic Disney opening" without having to use a literal storybook because it had been done "so many times" in the past.
A barnyard scene from the opening number of the film was actually first conceived during initial work on the unproduced feature Chanticleer.[10] Sequences were rewritten during the production of the film, even while some scenes were already being animated.[11]
The film includes intentional homages to other films such as The Sound of Music (in a scene with Belle on a hilltop), and earlier Disney animated features.[12]
Cast and characters
- Robby Benson as The Beast - A cold-hearted Prince transformed into a Beast as punishment, but later warms, with the help of Belle, ending up being transformed back into a handsome prince as a reward. He serves as the main protagonist of the film. Chris Sanders, who was part of the film's Story team, drafted the designs for the Beast and came up with designs based on birds, insects, and fish before coming up with something close to the final design. Glen Keane, Supervising Animator for the Beast, refined the design by going to the zoo and studying the animals that the Beast was based on. Benson commented that "There's a rage and torment in this character I've never been asked to use before."[13] The filmmakers commented that "everybody was big fee-fi-fo-fum and gravelly" while Benson's voice had the "big voice and the warm, accessible side" and that "you could hear the prince beneath the fur".
- Paige O'Hara as Belle - A bookworm who falls in love with the Beast and finds the kind-hearted human inside him. In their effort to enhance the character from the original story, the filmmakers felt that Belle should be "unaware" of her own beauty and made her "a little eccentric".[6] Producer Don Hahn commented that they were "darn lucky" to have O'Hara with them, and that she was "great for this role".
- Richard White as Gaston - A highly egotistical hunter who vies for Belle's hand in marriage and is determined not to let anyone else win her heart, even if it means killing her true love. He serves as the main antagonist of the film. Hahn commented that they had "big line-ups of good-looking men with deep voices" during the casting auditions, but that Richard White had a "big voice" that "rattled the room". In 1997, White mentioned in an interview that he was not sure if Gaston dies when he falls from the Beast's castle toward the end of the film, pointing out that the audience "never saw Gaston's body."[14] In the 2002 DVD audio commentary, Wise and Trousdale point out that as Gaston "falls to his death" toward the end of the completed film, two frames showed skulls in his eyes. They go on to say that these skulls serve as "a harbinger of things to come", confirming Gaston's death.
- Jerry Orbach as Lumière - The kind-hearted but rebellious maître d' of the Beast's castle, he has been transformed into a candelabra. He has a habit of disobeying his master's strict rules, sometimes leading to tension between them, but the Beast often turns to him for advice. Depicted as a bit of a Ladies man, as he is frequently seen with Fifi the Featherduster and immediately takes to Belle.
- Angela Lansbury as Mrs. Potts - The head of the castle kitchens, turned into a teapot, who takes on a motherly attitude towards Belle. The filmmakers had to go through several names for Mrs. Potts, such as "Mrs. Chamomile", before Ashman suggested the use of simple and concise names for the household objects.
- David Ogden Stiers as Cogsworth - The castle majordomo, transformed into a clock. While he is as good-natured as Lumiere, he is extremely loyal to the Beast so as to save himself and anyone else any trouble, often leading to friction between himself and Lumiere. Stiers also provided the voice of The Narrator.
- Bradley Pierce as Chip - A teacup and Mrs. Potts' son. The filmmakers were so impressed by Pierce's performance that they created more scenes with Chip in them.
- Jesse Corti as LeFou - Gaston's bumbling and often mistreated sidekick, and a supporting antagonist.
- Rex Everhart as Maurice - Belle's inventor father.
- Hal Smith as Philippe - Belle's horse.
- Jo Anne Worley as Wardrobe - The former Opera singer of the castle, turned into a wardrobe. The character of Wardrobe was introduced by visual development person Sue C. Nichols to the then entirely male cast of servants, and was originally a more integral character named "Madame Armoire". Her role was later expanded upon and ultimately taken over by Mrs. Potts.[15] Wardrobe is known as "Madame de la Grande Bouche" in the stage adaptation of the film.
- Kimmy Robertson as the Featherduster - A featherduster and Lumiere's lover. She is named "Babette" in the stage adaptation of the film, and "Fifi" in Belle's Magical World.
- Frank Welker as Footstool aka Sultan the castle's pet dog turned into a footstool whom Chip seems to own as his pet, and as the Wolves a vicious pack of wolves who live in the forest beyond the Beast's castle. They attempt to eat Maurice, who escapes from them, and then attempt to eat Belle as she flees the castle but the Beast saves her from them.
- Mary Kay Bergman as Babette - A village girl with her eyes on Gaston.
- Kath Soucie as Bimbette - Another village girl who fancies Gaston.
- Tony Jay as Monsieur D'Arque - The owner of the Maison de Lune. Gaston bribes him to help him in his plan to blackmail Belle.
- Brian Cummings as Stove aka Chef Bouche - The hot-tempered castle chef, turned into a stove.
- Alvin Epstein as Bookseller - A friendly man whose favourite customer is Belle.
- Alex Murphey as Baker - A villager who shows little interest in literature.
In the Chinese dubs of Beauty and the Beast, the voice of the Beast is provided by Jackie Chan. He provided both the speaking and singing voices in these versions.
In September 2007, CCTV6 (a Chinese movie channel) aired a new dub version of Beauty and the Beast in which Beast's voice (by 王凯, Wang Kai) sounds younger. Together with this version, a translated version of Céline Dion and Peabo Bryson's Beauty and the Beast theme song was released, which was translated by Chan Siu Kei and sung by Nicholas Tse Ting-Fung and Mei Lin(梅琳, a newer Chinese singer).[16] But this translated theme song was only separately released before the film started and not occurred in the film, which uses another translated version of lyrics, translated by Han Wen(翰文).[17]
In the French version, the theme song is provided by Charles Aznavour. Two Spanish versions exist, one in Mexican Spanish for the Latin American market, the other in Castilian Spanish for the European market; in the Mexican version, the voice of LeFou is provided by the same actor who played the role in English, Venezuelan-American voice actor Jesse Corti.[18]
In the Swedish version, the theme song is provided by Tommy Körberg and Sofia Källgren. Körberg also provided the voice of the Beast in the movie and Källgren the voice of Belle.
Music
According to Alan Menken, the first song that he and Howard Ashman wrote for the film was "Belle". The songs were recorded "live" with the orchestra and the cast in the room, which, according to Hahn and Trousdale, gave the songs "energy". The song "Be Our Guest" was originally supposed to be sung to Maurice instead of Belle, but Bruce Woodside pointed out that the song was in the wrong place because Maurice was not the focus of the story. "Human Again", a song that was removed due to story problems in the original release, was re-added to the film's Special Edition VCD and DVD releases after Menken made alterations to the song for the Beauty and the Beast Broadway production.[6]
All songs were the last complete works for a movie by Academy Award winner Howard Ashman. Ashman died eight months prior to the release of the film. There is a tribute to him at the end of the film: "To our friend, Howard, who gave a mermaid her voice, and a beast his soul. We will be forever grateful. Howard Ashman 1950–1991". The songs "Beauty and the Beast", "Be Our Guest", "Something There", and "Gaston", "The Mob Song", and "Belle" were included in Classic Disney: 60 Years of Musical Magic box set. "Beauty and the Beast", "Be Our Guest", and "Gaston" were also included in the Disney's Greatest Hits CD set.
Beauty and the Beast has influenced the works of the symphonic metal band Nightwish. Keyboardist and composer Tuomas Holopainen cites "all the Disney classics" as among his favourite films,[19] and the song "Beauty and the Beast" from their debut album Angels Fall First is a reinterpretation of the movie's plot.
Musical Numbers
- Belle- Belle, Gaston, & Townspeople
- Belle (Reprise)- Belle
- Gaston- Gaston, Lefou, & Townspeople
- Gaston (Reprise)- Gaston & Lefou
- Be Our Guest- Lumière, Mrs. Potts, & Enchanted Objects
- Something There- Belle, Beast, Lumière, Cogsworth, & Mrs. Potts
- Human Again (released in the 2002 special edition)- Lumière, Cogsworth, Mrs. Potts, Wardrode, Chip & Enchanted Objects
- Beauty and The Beast- Mrs. Potts
- The Mob Song- Gaston, Lefou & Townspeople
Release
The film was shown at the New York Film Festival in September 1991. Because the animation was only about 70% complete, the film was shown as a "Work-In-Progress." Storyboards and pencil tests were used in place of the remaining 30%. In addition, parts of the film that were finished were "stepped-back" to previous versions of completion. This version of the film has been released on VHS, the September 1993 LaserDisc, and the October 8, 2002, Platinum Edition DVD.
Upon the theatrical release of the finished version, the film was universally praised, with Roger Ebert giving it four stars out of four and saying that "Beauty and the Beast reaches back to an older and healthier Hollywood tradition in which the best writers, musicians and filmmakers are gathered for a project on the assumption that a family audience deserves great entertainment, too." As of August 2008, the film had received a 93% rating on Rotten Tomatoes[20] The visual effects have also been praised "stunning early use of computer animation", regarding the spectacular ballroom sequence in which Belle and the Beast dance around a 3-D ballroom. (The filmmakers had originally decided against the use of computers in favor of traditional animation, but later, when the technology had improved, they decided they could use it for that one scene.)[8] The sequence helped convince studio executives to look further into computer animation.[21]
Smoodin writes in his book Animating Culture that the studio was trying to make-up for earlier gender stereotypes with this film.[22] Smoodin also states that, in the way it has been viewed as bringing together traditional fairy tales and feminism as well as computer and traditional animation, and the film’s greatness could be proved in terms technology narrative or even politics.[23] Another author writes that Belle “becomes a sort of intellectual less by actually reading books, it seems, than by hanging out with them,” but says that the film comes closer than other “Disney-studio” films to “accepting challenges of the kind that the finest Walt Disney features met”.[24] David Whitley writes in The Idea of Nature in Disney Animation that Belle is different from earlier Disney heroines in that she is mostly free from the burdens of domestic housework, although her role is somewhat undefined in the same way that “contemporary culture now requires most adolescent girls to contribute little in the way of domestic work before they leave home and have to take on the fraught, multiple responsibilities of the working mother”.[25] Whitley also notes other themes and modern influences, such as the film's critical view of Gaston’s chauvinism and attitude towards nature, the cyborg-like servants, and the father’s role as an inventor rather than a merchant.[25]
Stefan Kanfer writes in his book Serious Business that in this film "the tradition of the musical theater was fully co-opted", such as in the casting of Broadway performers Angela Lansbury and Jerry Orbach.[26]
The film was screened out of competition at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival.[27]
In 2002, Beauty and the Beast was added to the United States National Film Registry as being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant." In January of the same year, the film restored and remastered for its January 1, 2002 re-release in IMAX theatres in a special edition edit including a new musical sequence. For this version of the film, much of the animation was touched up, a new sequence set to the deleted song "Human Again" was inserted into the film's second act, and a new digital master from the original CAPS production files was used to make the high resolution IMAX film negative. A 3D version of the film was scheduled to be re-released in theatres on February 12, 2010 in the Disney Digital 3-D format, but the project has been postponed until 2011 to coincide with the 20th anniversary of the movie's release, allowing Disney to hype the film and create an event around its release.[28][29]
Home Video
The film was released to VHS and Laserdisc on October 30, 1992, as part of the Walt Disney Classics series, but it was for a limited-time only for it was dropped in print after it was put on moratorium. Beauty and the Beast: Special Edition, as the enhanced version of the film is called, was released on a 2-Disc Platinum Edition Disney DVD on October 8, 2002. The Special Edition DVD features the IMAX version, which includes the deleted song "Human Again", the original theatrical version, and the workprint version which was shown at the 1991 New York Film Festival. This 2-Disc Platinum Edition DVD went to the Disney Vault on January 2003 along with its follow-ups (Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas and Belle's Magical World). Disney has recently announced that a home video re-release is planned for Spring 2010 which will bring the film again to DVD and, for the first time, on Blu-Ray as part of the new "Diamond Edition" line.[30]
For the VHS and laserdisc releases, the frames that showed skulls in Gaston's eyes as he fell from the Beast's castle were modified to remove the skulls. However, no such alteration was made for the 2002 DVD release.
Legacy
On Tuesday, April 18, 1994, a stage adaptation, also titled "Beauty and the Beast", premiered on Broadway at the Palace Theatre in New York City. The show transferred to the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre on November 11, 1999. The commercial (though not critical) success of the show led to productions in the West End, Toronto, and all over the world. The Broadway version, which ran for over a decade, received a Tony Award, and became the first of a whole line of Disney stage productions. The original Broadway cast included Terrence Mann as the Beast, Susan Egan as Belle, Burke Moses as Gaston, Gary Beach as Lumiere, Heath Lamberts as Cogsworth, Tom Bosley as Maurice, Beth Fowler as Mrs. Potts, and Stacey Logan as Babette the feather duster. Many celebrities also starred in the Broadway production during its thirteen year run including Kerry Butler, Deborah Gibson, Toni Braxton, Andrea McArdle, Jamie-Lynn Sigler, Christy Carlson Romano, Ashley Brown, and Anneliese van der Pol as Belle; Chuck Wagner, James Barbour, and Jeff McCarthy as the Beast; Meshach Taylor, Jacob Young, and John Tartaglia as Lumiere; and Marc Kudisch, Christopher Sieber, and Donny Osmond as Gaston. The show ended its Broadway run on July 29, 2007 after 46 previews and 5,464 performances.
Awards and nominations
Beauty and the Beast won two Academy Awards for Best Music, Original Score and Best Music, Song for Alan Menken and Howard Ashman's "Beauty and the Beast", sung in the film's most famous scene by Angela Lansbury, and at the end of the film by Celine Dion and Peabo Bryson. Two other Menken and Ashman songs from the movie also nominated for Best Music, Song were "Belle" and "Be Our Guest", making it the first picture ever to receive three Academy Award nominations for Best Song, a feat that would be repeated by The Lion King, Dreamgirls, and Enchanted (Academy rules have since been changed that limit one film to two nominations in this category). Beauty and the Beast was also nominated for Best Sound and Best Picture. It is the only animated movie ever to be nominated for Best Picture.
In June 2008, the American Film Institute revealed its "Ten top Ten"—the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres—after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community. Beauty and the Beast was acknowledged as the 7th best film in the animation genre.[31][32] In previous lists, Beauty and the Beast also ranked #22 on the Institutes's list of best musicals and #34 on its list of the best romantic American movies. On the list of the greatest songs from American movies, Beauty and the Beast ranked #62.
- Academy Awards
To date, Beauty and the Beast (1991) is the only animated film ever to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. This film currently shares the record for the most nominations for an animated film, six, with WALL-E (2008).
- Golden Globes
Beauty and the Beast was the first animated feature to win a Golden Globe for Best Picture - Musical or Comedy. This feat was repeated by The Lion King and Toy Story 2.
| Award |
Result |
| Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy |
Won |
| Best Original Score |
Won |
| Best Original Song (For "Beauty and the Beast") |
Won |
| Best Original Song (For "Be Our Guest") |
Nominated |
- Grammy Awards
| Award |
Result |
| Best Album for Children |
Won |
| Best Pop Performance by a Group or Duo With Vocal (For "Beauty and the Beast") |
Won |
| Song of the Year (For "Beauty and the Beast") |
Nominated |
| Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture |
Won |
| Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television (For "Beauty and the Beast") |
Won |
| Record of the Year (For "Beauty and the Beast") |
Nominated |
- Other Awards
| Award |
Result |
| ASCAP Film and Television Music Awards: Most Performed Songs in a Motion Picture |
Won |
| Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror Films: Best DVD Classic Film Release |
Won |
| Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror Films: Best Music |
Won |
| Annie Awards: Best Animated Feature |
Won |
| BAFTA Awards: Best Original Film Score |
Nominated |
| BAFTA Awards: Best Special Effects |
Nominated |
| BMI Film and TV Awards: BMI Film Music Award |
Won |
| DVD Exclusive Awards: Best Overall New Extra Features, Library Release |
Won |
| DVD Exclusive Awards: Best Menu Design |
Nominated |
| Hugo Awards: Best Dramatic Presentation |
Nominated |
| Kansas City Film Critics Circle Awards: Best Animated Feature |
Won |
| Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards: Best Animation |
Won |
| Motion Picture Sound Editors: Best Sound Editing, Animated Feature |
Won |
| National Board of Review: Special Award for Animation |
Won |
| Satellite Awards: Best Youth DVD |
Nominated |
| Young Artist Awards: Outstanding Family Entertainment of the Year |
Won |
Merchandise
There are Disney versions of the story published and sold as storybooks and a comic book based on the film published by Disney Comics. In 1995, a live-action children's series called Sing Me a Story with Belle started on syndication, running until 1999.
References
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- ^ Cagle, Jess (December 13, 1991). "Oh, You Beast: Robby Benson roars to his roots — The former teen idol is the voice of Beast in Beauty and the Beast". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,316461,00.html. Retrieved 2009-02-02.
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- ^ "谢霆锋携手梅琳 演唱《美女与野兽》主题曲" (Simplified Chinese). http://music.ifensi.com/article-118963.html.
- ^ "电影频道《美女与野兽》译制名单" (Simplified Chinese). http://www.peiyin.com/bbs/read.php?tid=59191.
- ^ "La bella y la bestia Full Mexican and European Spanish dubbing cast" (Spanish). http://www.doblajedisney.com/.
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- ^ "Beauty and the Beast Movie Reviews, Pictures". Rotten Tomatoes. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1038728-beauty_and_the_beast/. Retrieved 2008-07-20.
- ^ Kanfer (1997), p. 228.
- ^ Smoodin, Eric (1993). Animating Culture. Rutger’s University Press. p. 189. ISBN 0-8135-1948-9.
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- ^ "Studios tease 3-D". ShoWest. March 31, 2009. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118001950.html?categoryid=13&cs=1.
- ^ "'Transformers 3' set for July 1, 2011 'Beauty and the Beast' 3D bumped one year". ShoWest. October 1, 2009. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118009435.html?categoryId=13&cs=1.
- ^ "Upcoming Disney DVD (and Blu-ray) Release Schedule". http://www.ultimatedisney.com/comingsoon.html.
- ^ "AFI Crowns Top 10 Films in 10 Classic Genres". ComingSoon.net (American Film Institute). June 17, 2008. http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=46072. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ "Top Ten Animation". American Film Institute. http://www.afi.com/10top10/animation.html. Retrieved 2008-06-18.
External links
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Disney's Beauty and the Beast |
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