Bengt I. Samuelsson
Samuelsson, Bengt Ingemar, 1934-, Swedish biochemist, grad. Karolinska Institute (Ph.D. 1960, M.D. 1961). He was a professor at the Karolinska Institute from 1962 to 1966 and again from 1973; from 1967 to 1972 he was on the faculty at the Royal Veterinary College, Stockholm. From 1983 to 1995 he was rector of the Karolinska Institute. Samuelsson received the 1982 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine with Sune K. Bergström and John R. Vane for discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances including thromboxanes and leukotrienes. Hormonelike substances found in virtually all body tissues and organs, prostaglandins have a variety of physiological effects including activation of the inflammatory response, formation and prevention of blood clots, and induction of labor and other reproductive processes. Samuelsson is credited with shedding light on the biochemistry of these substances.
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Sam·u·els·son
(săm'yū-əl-sən), Bengt Ingemar Born 1934.
Swedish physician and biochemist. He shared a 1982 Noble Prize for research on prostaglandins.
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Bengt I. Samuelsson
| Bengt Ingemar Samuelsson | |
|---|---|
| Born | May 21, 1934 |
| Nationality | Sweden |
| Fields | biochemistry |
| Known for | prostaglandins |
| Notable awards | 1982 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine |
Bengt Ingemar Samuelsson (born May 21, 1934) is a Swedish biochemist.
He was born in Halmstad in southwest Sweden and studied at Stockholm University, where he became a professor in 1967. He shared with Sune K. Bergström and John R. Vane the 1982 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related substances. In 1975,he was awarded the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University together with Sune K. Bergström . Discussing the role of prostaglandins in the body, Samuelsson explained, "It's a control system for the cells that participates in many biological functions. There are endless possibilities of manipulating this system in drug development."
His research interests were originally in cholesterol metabolism with importance to reaction mechanisms. Following the structural work on prostaglandins along with Sune Bergström he was interested mainly in the transformation products of arachidonic acid. This has led to the identification of endoperoxides, thromboxanes and the leukotrienes, and his group has chiefly been involved in studying the chemistry, biochemistry and biology of these compounds and their function in biological control systems. This research has implications in numerous clinical areas, especially in thrombosis, inflammation, and allergy.
This field has grown enormously since those days. Between 1981 and 1995 about three thousand papers per year were published that specifically used the expression "prostaglandins," or related terms such as "prostacyclins," "leukotrienes," and "thromboxanes," in their labels and titles.
References
- Raju, T N (1999), "The Nobel chronicles. 1982: Sune Karl Bergström (b 1916); Bengt Ingemar Samuelsson (b 1934); John Robert Vane (b 1927)", Lancet 354 (9193): 1914, 1999 Nov 27, PMID 10584758
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The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/.
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Mentioned in
Sir John Robert Vane
(British pharmacologist)
Sune Bergström
(Swedish biochemist)
Year 1982
(in Science & Technology)
Year 1965
(in Science & Technology)
Nobel Prizes
(table)
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