benzoyl peroxide

Dictionary: benzoyl peroxide

n.
A flammable white granular solid, (C₆H₅CO)₂O₂, used as a bleaching agent for flour, fats, waxes, and oils, as a polymerization catalyst, and in pharmaceuticals.

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Dental Dictionary: benzoyl peroxide

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1. a chemical incorporated into the polymer of resins to aid in the initiation of polymerization. n 2. an antibacterial, keratolytic drying agent prescribed in the treatment of acne.

Drug Info: Benzoyl Peroxide

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Brand names: 10 Benzagel®5 Benzagel®Acne MedicationAcne-10®Acne-5®Acneclear™Benoxyl® 10Benoxyl® 5Benzac AC®Benzac AC® WashBenzac W®Benzac W® WashBenzac® 10Benzac® 5Benzagel™ WashBenzaShave®Benziq™Benziq™ LSBenzoyl PeroxideBrevoxyl®Brevoxyl® Creamy WashBrevoxyl®-4 Acne Wash KitBrevoxyl®-8 Acne Wash KitClear By Design®Clearplex™Clearskin™ VanishingClinac™ BPODel Aqua™Desquam E®Desquam X®Desquam® X 10EthexDerm™ BPWFostex® Bar 10%Fostex® Gel 10%Fostex® Wash 10%Inova™Lavoclen™ -4 Lavoclen™ -8 Loroxide®NeoBenz® MicroNeutrogena® Acne MaskOscion™Oxy® Vanishing GelOxy-10®Panoxyl 10®Panoxyl 5®Panoxyl AQ® 10Panoxyl AQ® 2 1/2Panoxyl AQ® 5Panoxyl® 10Panoxyl® 5Panoxyl® AquaPersa-Gel®Seba-Gel®Theroxide®Triaz™Triaz®Vanoxide®ZaclirZoDermZoDerm Redi-PadsZoderm®Zoderm® CleanserZoderm® CreamZoderm® Gel

Chemical formula:

Drug Forms:

Español:

Benzoyl Peroxide Topical gel

What is this medicine?

BENZOYL PEROXIDE (BEN zoe ill per OX ide) is used on the skin to treat mild to moderate acne.

This medicine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions.

What should I tell my health care provider before I take this medicine?

They need to know if you have any of these conditions:
•asthma
•skin disease, abrasions, irritation or infection
•sunburn
•an unusual or allergic reaction to benzoic acid, cinnamon, parabens, sulfites, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
•pregnant or trying to get pregnant
•breast-feeding

How should I use this medicine?

This medicine is for external use only. Do not take by mouth. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Before using, wash affected area with a gentle cleanser and pat dry. Do not apply to raw or irritated skin. Apply enough medicine to cover the area and rub in gently. Avoid getting medicine in your eyes, lips, nose, mouth, or other sensitive areas. Do not wash treated areas of skin for at least 1 hour after using the medicine. If you experience very dry and peeling skin or skin irritation, talk to your doctor or health care professional.

Talk to your pediatrician or health care professional regarding the use of this medicine in children. Special care may be needed.

Overdosage: If you think you have taken too much of this medicine contact a poison control center or emergency room at once.
NOTE: This medicine is only for you. Do not share this medicine with others.

What if I miss a dose?

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you can. If it is almost time for your next dose, take only that dose. Do not take double or extra doses.

What may interact with this medicine?

•adapalene
•isotretinoin
•salicylic acid or sulfur containing products
•topical antibiotics such as clindamycin or erythromycin
•tretinoin

This list may not describe all possible interactions. Give your health care provider a list of all the medicines, herbs, non-prescription drugs, or dietary supplements you use. Also tell them if you smoke, drink alcohol, or use illegal drugs. Some items may interact with your medicine.

What should I watch for while using this medicine?

Your acne may get worse during the first few weeks of treatment, and then start to get better. It may take 8 to 12 weeks before you see the full effect. If you do not see any improvement within 4 to 6 weeks, call your doctor or health care professional.

Once you see a decrease in your acne, you may need to continue to use this medicine to control it.

Do not use products that may dry the skin like medicated cosmetics, products that contain alcohol, or abrasive soaps or cleaners. Do not use other acne or skin treatment on the same area that you use this medicine unless your doctor or health care professional tells you to. If you use these together they can cause severe skin irritation.

This medicine can make you more sensitive to the sun. Keep out of the sun. If you cannot avoid being in the sun, wear protective clothing and use sunscreen. Do not use sun lamps or tanning beds/booths.

This medicine may bleach hair or colored fabrics. Avoid getting the medicine on your clothes.

What side effects may I notice from receiving this medicine?

Side effects that you should report to your doctor or health care professional as soon as possible:
•allergic reactions like skin rash, itching or hives, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
•severe burning, itching, reddening, crusting, or swelling of the treated areas

Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your doctor or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome):
•increased sensitivity to the sun
•mild burning or stinging of the treated areas
•red, inflamed, and irritated skin

This list may not describe all possible side effects. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Where should I keep my medicine?

Keep out of the reach of children.

Store at room temperature between 15 and 30 degrees C (59 and 86 degrees F). Throw away any unused medication after the expiration date.

Last updated: 7/1/2002

Important Disclaimer: The drug information provided here is for educational purposes only. It is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the diagnosis, treatment and advice of a medical professional. This drug information does not cover all possible uses, precautions, side effects and interactions. It should not be construed to indicate that this or any drug is safe for you. Consult your medical professional for guidance before using any prescription or over the counter drugs.

Wikipedia: Benzoyl peroxide

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Benzoyl peroxide

IUPAC name	diphenylperoxyanhydride
Other names	dibenzoyl peroxide
Identifiers
CAS number	94-36-0 ^Y
PubChem	7187
EC-number	202-327-6
RTECS number	DM8575000
ATC code	D10AE01,QD11AX90
SMILES	`O=C(OOC(=O)c1ccccc1)c2ccccc2`
InChI	1/C14H10O4/c15-13(11-7-3-1-4-8-11)17-18-14(16)12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h1-10H
InChI key	OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYAV
ChemSpider ID	6919
Properties
Molecular formula	C₁₄H₁₀O₄
Molar mass	242.23 g mol⁻¹
Appearance	colourless solid
Density	1.334 g/cm³
Melting point	103–105 °C decomp.
Solubility in water	poor
Hazards
MSDS	External MSDS
EU Index	617-008-00-0
EU classification	Explosive (E) Irritant (Xi)
R-phrases	R3, R7, R36, R43
S-phrases	(S2), S3/7, S14, S36/37/39
NFPA 704	4 1 4 OX
Autoignition temperature	80 °C
Supplementary data page
Structure and properties	n, ε_r, etc.
Thermodynamic data	Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
Y (what is this?) (verify) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Tube of Basiron, a water-based 5% benzoyl peroxide preparation for the treatment of acne.

A bleached fabric stain caused by contact with a benzoyl peroxide-based consumer product.

Benzoyl peroxide (pronounced /ˈbɛnzɔɪl pəˈrɒksaɪd/) is an organic compound in the organic peroxide family. It consists of two benzoyl groups joined by a peroxide group. Its structural formula is [C₆H₅C(O)]₂O₂. It is one of the most important organic peroxides in terms of applications and the scale of its production. Benzoyl peroxide is used as an acne treatment, for improving flour, for bleaching hair and teeth, for polymerising polyester and many other uses.

1 Synthesis, structure, physical properties
2 Uses
- 2.1 Acne treatment
- 2.2 Other uses
  - 2.2.1 Adverse effects
3 Safety
4 References
5 External links

Synthesis, structure, physical properties

Benzoyl peroxide was the first organic peroxide prepared by intentional synthesis. It was prepared by treating benzoyl chloride with barium peroxide,^[1] a reaction that probably follows this stoichiometry:

2 C₆H₅C(O)Cl + BaO₂ → [C₆H₅C(O)]₂O₂ + BaCl₂

Benzoyl peroxide is usually prepared by treating hydrogen peroxide with benzoyl chloride.

The oxygen-oxygen bond in peroxides is weak. Thus benzoyl peroxide readily undergoes homolysis (symmetrical scission), forming free radicals:

[C₆H₅C(O)]₂O₂ → 2C₆H₅CO₂^•

The symbol ^• indicates that the products are radicals, i.e. they contain an odd number of electrons. Such species are highly reactive. The homolysis is usually induced by heating. The half-life of benzoyl peroxide is one hour at 92 °C. At 131 °C, the half-life is one minute.^[2]

Benzoyl peroxide breaks down in contact with skin, producing benzoic acid and oxygen, neither of which is significantly toxic.^[3] It is important to note that the safety of the decomposition products does not mean that the substance itself is safe, as it is benzoyl peroxide's action as an oxidizing agent that is of importance. Hydrogen peroxide can be corrosive due to its oxidizing properties, but decomposes to form water and oxygen. Sodium hypochlorite (commonly known as "bleach") also shares these properties, but decomposes to form harmless products such as sodium chloride.^{[citation needed]}

Uses

Most benzoyl peroxide is used as a radical initiator to induce polymerizations.^[4] Other major applications include its antiseptic and bleaching properties.

Acne treatment

Jack Breitbart of Revlon laboratories first developed the use of benzoyl peroxide for treating acne in the 1920s. It is typically placed over the affected areas in gel or cream form, in concentrations of 2.5% increasing through the usually effective 5% to up to 10%. Research suggests that 5 and 10% concentrations are not significantly more effective than 2.5% and 2.5% is usually better tolerated.^[5]^[6] It commonly causes initial dryness and sometimes irritation, although the skin develops tolerance after a week or so. A small percentage of people are much more sensitive to it and liable to suffer burning, itching, peeling and possibly swelling. It is sensible to apply the lowest concentration and build up as appropriate. Once tolerance is achieved, increasing the quantity or concentration a second time and gaining tolerance at a higher level usually gives better subsequent acne clearance. Benzoyl peroxide works as a peeling agent, increasing skin turnover and clearing pores, thus reducing the bacterial count there as well as directly as an antibacterial.^{[citation needed]}

Other uses

Other common uses for benzoyl peroxide include dyeing hair, and as an active ingredient in teeth whitening systems. It is also used in the preparation of flour, and can be used as an initiator and catalyst for polyester thermoset resins (as an alternative to the much more hazardous methyl ethyl ketone peroxide).^{[citation needed]}

In the U. S., the typical concentration for benzoyl peroxide is 2.5% to 10% for both prescription and over the counter preparations that are used in treatment for acne. Higher concentrations are used for hair bleach and teeth whitening. Benzoyl peroxide, like most peroxides, is a powerful bleaching agent. Contact with fabrics or hair can cause permanent color dampening almost immediately. Even secondary contact can cause bleaching. For example, contact with a towel that has been used to wash off benzoyl peroxide-containing hygiene products.^{[citation needed]}

Adverse effects

In a 1977 study using a human maximization test, 76% of subjects acquired a contact sensitization to benzoyl peroxide. Formulations of 5% and 10% were used.^[7]

Safety

Unlike most organic compounds, benzoyl peroxide is potentially explosive and hence it can cause fires without external ignition. The hazard is acute for the pure material, and for this reason, in commerce the compound is usually used as a solution or a paste. For example, cosmetics contain only a few percent of benzoyl peroxide and thus pose no explosion risk.

References

^ Brodie, B. C. (1858), "Ueber die Bildung der Hyperoxyde organischer Säureradicale", Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 108: 79–83, doi:10.1002/jlac.18581080117 .
^ Li, Hui, III (1998), Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Vinyl Ester Matrix Resins, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Vermont, Chapter 2, http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-42198-113329/unrestricted/ch2.pdf .
^ Benzoyl peroxide, SIDS Initial Assessment Report, Geneva: United Nations Environment Programme, April 2004, http://www.inchem.org/documents/sids/sids/BENZOYLPER.pdf .
^ Klenk, Herbert; Götz, Peter H.; Siegmeier, Rainer; Mayr, Wilfried (2005), "Peroxy Compounds, Organic", Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_199 .
^ Mills, O. H., Jr.; Kligman, A. M.; Pochi, P.; Comite, H. (1986), "Comparing 2.5%, 5%, and 10% benzoyl peroxide on inflammatory acne vulgaris", Int. J. Dermatol. 25 (10): 664–67, doi:10.1111/j.1365-4362.1986.tb04534.x, PMID 2948929 .
^ Yong, C. C. (1979), "Benzoyl peroxide gel therapy in acne in Singapore", Int. J. Dermatol. 18 (6): 485–88, doi:10.1111/j.1365-4362.1979.tb01955.x, PMID 158569 .
^ Leyden, James J.; Kligman, Albert M. (1977), Contact Dermatitis, 3, pp. 273–75, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1977.tb03674.x .

External links

International Chemical Safety Card 0225
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards 0052
SIDS Initial Assessment Report from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
"Benzoyl peroxide", Re-evaluation of Some Organic Chemicals, Hydrazine and Hydrogen Peroxide, IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 71, Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1999, pp. 345–58, ISBN 92-832-1271-1, http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol71/mono71-13.pdf .
Benzoyl Peroxide

E numbers

Colours (E100–199) • Preservatives (E200–299) • Antioxidants & Acidity regulators (E300–399) • Thickeners, stabilisers & emulsifiers (E400–499) • pH regulators & anti-caking agents (E500–599) • Flavour enhancers (E600–699) • Miscellaneous (E900–999) • Additional chemicals (E1100–1599)

Waxes (E900–909) • Synthetic glazes (E910–919) • Improving agents (E920–929) • Packaging gases (E930–949) • Sweeteners (E950–969) • Foaming agents (E990–999)

L-cysteine (E920) • L-cystine (E921) • Potassium persulfate (E922) • Ammonium persulfate (E923) • Potassium bromate (E924) • Chlorine (E925) • Chlorine dioxide (E926) • Azodicarbonamide (E927) • Carbamide (E927b) • Benzoyl peroxide (E928)

v • d • e Acne-treating agents (D10)

Antibacterial agents	Azelaic acid • Benzoyl peroxide • Blue light therapy • Tea tree oil

Keratolytic agents	Glycolic acid • Salicylic acid • Sulfur • Benzoyl peroxide

Anti-inflammatory agents	Aspirin • Ibuprofen • Red light therapy

Antibiotics	Clindamycin • Erythromycin • Sulfacetamide • Tetracyclines • Minocycline

Hormonal	Antiandrogens • Contraceptives

Retinoids	Adapalene • Isotretinoin • Tazarotene • Tretinoin

Combination drugs	ZIANA • Duac • BenzaClin • PLEXION • Epiduo

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		Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Read more
		Dental Dictionary. Mosby's Dental Dictionary. Copyright © 2004 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more
		Drug Info. Gold Standard. Copyright © 2008 by Gold Standard. All rights reserved. Read more
		Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Benzoyl peroxide". Read more

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