| Blue Duck | |
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_at_Staglands,_Akatarawa,_New_Zealand.jpg) |
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| Blue Duck at Staglands, Akatarawa Valley | |
| Conservation status | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Anseriformes |
| Family: | Anatidae |
| Genus: | Hymenolaimus Gray, 1843 |
| Species: | H. malacorhynchos |
| Binomial name | |
| Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos (Gmelin, 1789) |
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| Subspecies | |
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The Blue Duck (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos) is a member of the duck, goose and swan family Anatidae. It is the only member of the genus Hymenolaimus, placed in the shelduck subfamily Tadorninae[citation needed] after previously being considered part of the paraphyletic "perching duck" assemblage. The Māori name is whio, which is an onomatopoetic rendition of the males' call. The blue duck is born with a green beak for just 8 hours after birth; where it then develops to its final colour.
This 54 cm long species is an endemic resident breeder in New Zealand, nesting in hollow logs, small caves and other sheltered spots. It is a rare duck, holding territories on fast flowing mountain rivers.It is a powerful swimmer even in strong currents, but is reluctant to fly. It is difficult to find, but not particularly wary when located.
The blue duck is a dark slate-grey with a chestnut-flecked breast and a paler bill and eye. The pinkish-white bill has fleshy flaps of skin hanging from the sides of its tip. The male's call is an aspirated whistle, and the female's is a rattling growl.
This is a very localised species now threatened by predation from introduced mammals especially stoats, competition for its invertebrate food with introduced trout, and damming of mountain rivers for hydroelectric schemes. The New Zealand Department of Conservation is presently working on recovery programmes in habitats such as the Oparara River area of the West Coast, New Zealand and the Milford Track in Fiordland. [1].
Footnotes
- ^ Department of Conservation Te Papa Atawhai: Saving whio on the Oparara
References
- BirdLife International (2006). Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos. 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. www.iucnredlist.org. Retrieved on 11 May 2006. Database entry includes a range map, a brief justification of why this species is endangered, and the criteria used
- Madge, Steve & Burn, Hilary (1987): Wildfowl : an identification guide to the ducks, geese and swans of the world. Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7470-2201-1
External links
- J. Adams; D. Cunningham; J. Molloy; S. Phillipson (1997). "Blue duck (Whio) Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos recovery plan 1997 – 2007" (PDF). Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand. http://www.doc.govt.nz/upload/documents/science-and-technical/tsrp22.pdf. Retrieved 2007-11-07.
- ARKive: Images and movies of the Blue Duck (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos)
- BirdLife Species Factsheet.
- Department of Conservation Blue duck/Whio
- Large scale predator control improves the productivity of a rare New Zealand riverine duck
- Blue Ducks likely to die out in UK after male birds get together
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