Bolan Pass

Bolan Pass
Bolan Pass depicted on a 1910 advertisement card for Liebig Meat Extract Company
Elevation	1793.4 meters[5880 feet]
Location	Balochistan
Range	Toba Kakar Range
Coordinates	29°45′N 67°35′E / 29.75°N 67.583°E / 29.75; 67.583

Mountain passes of Afghanistan

Bolan Pass (Pashto: د بولان درہ De Bolaan Dara) is a mountain pass through the Toba Kakar Range of mountains in western Pakistan, 120 kilometres from the Afghanistan border.

Strategically located, traders, invaders, and nomadic tribes have also used it as a gateway to and from the South Asia.^[1] The Bolan Pass is an important pass on the Baluch frontier, connecting Jacobabad and Sibi with Quetta, which has always occupied an important place in the history of British campaigns in Afghanistan.

Traditionally, the Brahui of the Kurd tribe are in charge of the law and order situation through the Pass area. This tribe is still living in present day Balochistan in Pakistan.

In 1837, threatened by a possible Russian invasion of South Asia via the Khyber and Bolan Passes, a British envoy was sent to Kabul to gain support of the Emir, Dost Mohammed. In February 1839, the British Army under Sir John Keane took 12,000 men through the Bolan Pass and entered Kandahar, which the Afghan Princes had abandoned; from there they would go on to attack and overthrow Ghazni.

In 1883, Sir Robert Groves Sandeman negotiated with the Khan of Kalat Khudadad Khan and secured British control over the pass in exchange for an annual fee.^[2]

From Sibi the line runs south-west, skirting the hills to Rindli, and originally followed the course of the Bolan stream to its head on the plateau. The destructive action of floods, however, led to the abandonment of this alignment, and the railway now follows the Mashkaf valley (which debouches into the plains close to Sibi), and is carried from near the head of the Mashkaf to a junction with the Bolan at Machh. An alternative route from Sibi to Quetta was found in the Harnai valley to the N.E. of Sibi, the line starting in exactly the opposite direction to that of the Bolan and entering the hills at Nari. The Harnai route, although longer, is the one adopted for all ordinary traffic, the Bolan loop being reserved for emergencies. At the Khundilani gorge of the Bolan route conglomerate cliffs enclose the valley rising to a height of 800 ft., and at Sir-i-Bolan the passage between the limestone rocks hardly admits of three persons riding abreast. The temperature of the pass in summer is very high, whereas in winter, near its head, the cold is extreme, and the ice-cold wind rushing down the narrow outlet becomes destructive to life. Since 1877, when the Quetta agency was founded, the freedom of the pass from plundering bands of Baluch marauders (chiefly Marris) had been secured by the British Indian Army.

Coordinates: 29°45′N 67°35′E / 29.75°N 67.583°E / 29.75; 67.583

See also

• Balochistan
• Mehrgarh

References

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.

1. ^ Singh, Sarina (2004). Pakistan & the Karakoram Highway (6th ed.). Lonely Planet. p. 112. ISBN 0864427093, ISBN 9780864427090. http://books.google.com/books?id=Bu4yHImhtIYC&pg=PA112. 
2. ^ Singh, Sarina (2004). Pakistan & the Karakoram Highway (6th ed.). Lonely Planet. p. 113. ISBN 0864427093, ISBN 9780864427090. http://books.google.com/books?id=Bu4yHImhtIYC&pg=PA113. 

External links

• Mehrgarh (Balochistan)

This article is largely based on an article in the out-of-copyright 11th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, which was produced in 1911. It should be brought up to date to reflect subsequent history or scholarship (including the references, if any). When you have completed the review, replace this notice with a simple note on this article's talk page. Thanks!