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The “Bolivarian Revolution” refers to a social movement and political process in Venezuela led by Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez, the founder of the Fifth Republic Movement. The "Bolivarian Revolution" is named after Simón Bolívar, an early 19th century Venezuelan and Latin American revolutionary leader, prominent in the South American Wars of Independence. According to Chávez and other supporters, the "Bolivarian Revolution" seeks to build a mass movement to implement Bolivarianism - popular democracy, economic independence, equitable distribution of revenues, and an end to corruption - in Venezuela. They trace the roots of their movement to a socialist interpretation of some ideals of Bolívar.
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Background: Bolivarianism
Simón Bolívar has long been an important figure in Venezuela's history. According to one author there was "a spontaneous and enduring popular cult of Bolivar" as early as 1842, and he is venerated in "parades, speeches, ceremonies, competitions, inaugurations, commemorations, unveilings of monuments, official publications, and other formal events." Chavez as a military cadet was "a celebrant of the Bolivarian passion story" [1]
Chávez relied upon the ideas of Bolívar, and on Bolívar as a popular symbol, early on in his military career, when he was creating his MBR-200 which would become a vehicle for his 1992 coup attempt.
Policies
| Missions of the Bolivarian Revolution |
| — food — housing — medicine — |
| Barrio Adentro · Plan Bolivar 2000 Hábitat · Mercal |
|---|
| — education — |
| Ribas · Sucre Robinson I · Robinson II |
| — indigenous rights — land — environment — |
| Guaicaipuro · Identidad Miranda · Piar Vuelta al Campo · Vuelvan Caras Zamora |
| — (Hugo Chávez) — (Venezuela) — |
Venezuela under the Chávez administration has deployed national social welfare programs (Misiónes or "Missions") called Bolivarian Missions.
Oppositions groups and parties
The bolivarian revolution attracts support from grass root organisations, community organizers and the socialist party PSUV, while the right-wing opposition is highly critical of the methods used to combat poverty.
Internationalism
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The "Bolivarian Revolution" under Chávez has also refocused Venezuelan foreign policy on Latin American economic and social integration by enacting bilateral trade and reciprocal aid agreements, including his so-called "oil diplomacy", which provides cheap oil to poor neighbouring nations. Chávez regularly portrays his movement's objectives as being in intractable conflict with neocolonialism and neoliberalism.
See also
Notes
- ^ http://www.tnr.com/booksarts/story.html?id=38435d75-d7c7-45dc-9dbe-4625056d42b6 "The Shah of Venezuela", by Enrique Krauze, The New Republic, 1 April 2009
References
- Schuyler, George W. (The Policy Studies Organization) Health and Neoliberalism: Venezuela and Cuba. Retrieved 18 Oct 2005.
- (Spanish) Gobierno en Línea: Misiones — Official government website detailing the Bolivarian Missions.
- Richard Gott, The Guardian, 30 May 2005, Chávez leads the way
- Christian Parenti, The Nation, 11 April 2005, "Hugo Chávez and Petro Populism"
External links
- (Spanish) Gobierno en Línea: Misiones — Official government website detailing the Bolivarian Missions.
- (Spanish) Misión Barrio Adentro — Official government Mission Barrio Adentro web portal.
- (Spanish) Instituto Nacional de Estadística — Venezuela's National Institute of Statistics; has web several portals for accessing demographic and economic data related to the impact of Bolivarian Missions.
- (Spanish) Barrio Adentro — Official government dossier on Barrio Adentro (in Spanish)
- (Spanish) Aló Presidente 225 — Video of a July 2005 episode of Hugo Chávez's talkshow Aló Presidente that features an eight hour tour of a new Barrio Adentro II CDI (Centros de Diagnóstico Integral) in Maturín, Monagas state, Venezuela.
- (Spanish) Programa Nro. 225 - Aló Presidente — Transcript of Aló Presidente 225.
- Venezuela's Cooperative Revolution from Dollars & Sense magazine
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