(August 6, 1945) after Japan failed to surrender to Allied Forces, on July 30 President Harry S. Truman approved the use of the atomic bomb developed by the Manhattan Project scientists. Orders for the bombing were issued on August 3, and three days later the Enola Gay dropped one bomb, nicknamed “ Little Boy, ” on the industrial city of Hiroshima, with the blast, fire and radiation killing 60, 000 civilians, several thousand military personnel, and 60, 000 additional casualties from radiation poisoning and injuries. Eighty-one percent of the city's structures were also destroyed. The bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki ultimately led to Japan's unconditional surrender in September 1945.
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