Bond energy

In chemistry, bond energy (E) is a measure of bond strength in a chemical bond. For example, the carbon-hydrogen bond energy in methane E(C–H) is the enthalpy change involved with breaking up one molecule of methane into a carbon atom and 4 hydrogen radicals divided by 4. Bond energy (E) should not be confused with bond dissociation energy.

Another example: an O–H bond of a water molecule (H–O–H) has 493.4 kJ mol^-1 of bond dissociation energy, and 424.4 kJ mol^-1 is needed to cleave the remaining O–H bond. The bond energy of the O–H bonds in water is 458.9 kJ mol^-1, which is the average of the values.

Some bond energy trends (units are in kcal/mol and (kJ/mol)) ^[1]:

Bond energy/distance correlation

Bond strength (energy) can be directly related to the bond length / bond distance. Therefore we can use the metallic radius, ionic radius, or covalent radius of each atom in the molecule to determine the bond strength. For example, the covalent radius of boron is estimated at 83.0 pm, but the bond length of B–B in B₂Cl₄ is 175 pm, a significantly larger value. This would indicate that the bond between the two boron atoms is a rather weak single bond. In another example, the metallic radius of rhenium is 137.5 pm, with a Re–Re bond length of 224 pm in the compound Re₂Cl₈. From this data, we can conclude that the bond is a very strong bond or a quadruple bond. This method of determination is most useful for covalently bonded compounds ^[2].

Determinants of Ionic Bond Energy

There are several contributing factors but usually the most important is the difference in the electronegativity of the two atoms bonding together. ^[3]

See also

• Nuclear binding energy
• Electron binding energy
• Lattice energy

References

1. ^  Handbook of Chemistry & Physics 65th Edition CRC Press ISBN 0-8493-0465-2
2. ^  Alcock, N.W. Bonding and Structure: structural principles in inorganic and organic chemistry Ellis Horwood Ltd., New York. 1990 pp. 40-42.
3. ^  http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/B/BondEnergy.html

External links

• Table of Bond Energies
• Table of standard bond energies and bond dissociation energies