Boulogne

Bolougne and Boulogne, France redirect here. For other places called Boulogne, see Boulogne (disambiguation).

Coordinates: 50°43′35″N 1°36′53″E / 50.7263888889°N 1.61472222222°E / 50.7263888889; 1.61472222222

Commune of Boulogne-Sur-Mer
Courthouse
Location
Boulogne-sur-Mer
Administration
Country	France
Region	Nord-Pas de Calais
Department	Pas-de-Calais
Arrondissement	Boulogne-sur-Mer
Intercommunality	Boulogne Côte d'Opale
Mayor	Frédéric Cuvillier (2001–2008)
Statistics
Land area1	8.42 km2 (3.25 sq mi)
Population2	44,859  (1999)
- Density	5,328 /km2 (13,800 /sq mi)
Miscellaneous
Postal code	62200
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.
2 Population sans doubles comptes: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Boulogne-sur-Mer is a city in northern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department of Pas-de-Calais. The population of the city was 44,859 in the 1999 census, whereas that of the whole metropolitan area was 135,116.

Name

The name Boulogne was first recorded during the Roman Empire as Bononia, a derivative of the Celtic word bona (meaning "foundation", "settlement", "citadel").^{[citation needed]} This derivation is also found in the name of the Italian city of Bologna.^{[citation needed]}

History

The cathedral of Boulogne towers over the city

Origin of the city

Originally named Gesoriacum and probably also to be identified with Portus Itius, by the 4th century Boulogne was known to the Romans as Bononia and served as the major port connecting the rest of the empire to Britain. The emperor Claudius used this town as his base for the Roman invasion of Britain, in AD 43, and until 296 it was the base of the Classis Britannica.^{[citation needed]}

Middle Ages

In the Middle Ages it was the centre of a namesake county. The area was fought over by the French and the English. In 1550, The Peace of Boulogne ended the war of England with Scotland and France. France bought back Boulogne for 400,000 crowns.

The Napoleonic period

In the 14th century the Cathedral of Notre-Dame was reconstructed by the priest Benoit Haffreingue after he received a call from God^{[clarification needed]} to reconstruct the town's ruined basilica. During the Napoleonic Wars, Napoleon amassed La Grande Armée in Boulogne to invade the United Kingdom in 1805. However, his plans were halted by other European matters and the supremacy of the Royal Navy (including thousands of Congreve rockets ^[1]).

The two world wars

On June 15, 1944, 297 planes (155 Avro Lancasters, 130 Handley Page Halifaxes, and 12 De Havilland Mosquitos) of the Royal Air Force bombed Boulogne harbour to suppress German naval activity following D-Day. Some of the Lancasters carried Tallboy bombs. As a result, the harbour and the surrounding area were completely destroyed. In August, 1944 the town had been declared a "fortress" by Adolf Hitler, but it succumbed to assault and liberation by the 3rd Canadian Division in September. In one incident, a French civilian guided the Canadians to a "secret passage" leading into the walled old town and by-passing the German defenders^[2].

To replace the destroyed urban infrastructure, affordable housing and public facility projects in functional, brutalist building styles were carried out in the 1950s and 60s. The harbour therefore sometimes proves to be a disappointment to tourists looking for a typical northern French harbour scene.

Economy

Boulogne-sur-Mer is the most important fishing port in France. 7,000 inhabitants derive part or all of their livelihoods from fishing.

IFREMER (the French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea) and the Pasteur Institute are located in Boulogne Port.

Certain brands, including Crown and Findus, are based in Boulogne.

Media

• Radio : Radio 6, France Bleu Nord, Virgin Radio Côte d'Opale.
• Television : France 3 Côte d'Opale
• Print : La Voix du Nord (édition de Boulogne sur Mer), La Semaine dans le Boulonnais, Touzazimut.
• English language film : [1]

Miscellaneous

Lists of miscellaneous information should be avoided. Please relocate any relevant information into appropriate sections or articles. (April 2009)

The Belfry is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Opened in 1991, Nausicaä - The French National Sea Centre is a science centre entirely dedicated to the relationship between mankind and the sea. It houses Aquaria, exhibitions on the marine fauna, and the exploitation and management of marine resources (fisheries, aquaculture, coastal planning, maritime transport, exploitation of energies and mineral, tourism).

In the year 1905 the First Esperanto Universal Congress was held in Boulogne-sur-Mer. L. L. Zamenhof, the creator of Esperanto, was among the attendees. In the year 2005 there was a great anniversary meeting with more than 500 attendees.

Administration

• Boulogne is the seat of the Communauté d'agglomération du Boulonnais

Population

Boulogne's Castle Museum.

Transport

Road

• Metropolitan bus services are operated by the TCRB
• Coach services to Calais and Dunkerque
• A16 motorway

Rail

• The main railway station is Boulogne-Ville and located in the south of the city.
• Boulogne-Tintelleries is used for regional transit. It is located near the University and the city centre.

Water

• The major port of Calais is only 30 km (19 mi) away and provides major connections to Dover in England.

Education

The Saint-Louis campus of University of Côte d'Opale.

Boulogne sur Mer is famous for hosting one of the oldest Universités de l'été - summer courses in French language and culture.

The Saint-Louis building of the University of the Côte d'Opale's Boulogne campus opened its doors in 1991, on the site of the former St. Louis hospital, the front entrance to which remains a predominant architectural feature. Its 6 major specialisms are Modern Languages, French Literature, Sport, Law, History and Economics. The University is situated in the town centre, about 5 minutes from the Boulogne Tintelleries train station.

University

• Campus University of the Littoral Opal Coast (Saint-Louis, Grand-Rue and Capérure site), member of Université Lille Nord de France.

Public primary and secondary

• High Schools : Lycée Auguste Marriette, Edouard Branly, Cazin (professional).
• College : College Langevin, Angelier, Daunou.

Private primary and secondary

• High schools: Lycée Nazareth, Haffreingue, Saint-Joseph
• College: College Godefroy de Bouillon, Haffreingue, Nazareth, Saint-Joseph

Entertainment

There is one theatre, the Théatre Monsigny, and two cinemas.

Health

Two health centres are located in Boulogne, the public Hospital Duchenne and the private Clinique de la côte d'opale.

Sports

Football

• US Boulogne Côte d'Opale (Ligue 1)
• Aiglons

Basketball

• Stade Olympique Maritime Boulonnais (Nationale 1)
• ESSM (Pro B) located in Le-Portel.

Others Sports

• Aviron Boulonnais, produce many olympic medals for France

Culture

• The castle-museum of Boulogne, in the fortified town, houses the most important exhibition of masks from Alsaka in the world, the second largest collection of Greek ceramics in France (after the Louvre), collections of Roman and medieval sculptures, paintings (15th-20th century), an Egyptian collection, African Arts etc. As these collections are exhibited in a medieval castle, one can also discover the Roman walls (in the underground) as well as rooms built in the 13th century (La Barbière, banqueting hall, chapel, covered parapet walk...)
• La Casa San Martin is currently a museum where José de San Martin the leader of independence struggle in Argentina died in 1850, from 1930 to 1967 this house was the consulate of Argentina in France.
• Nausicaä, the French national sealife center.

Food

• La Matellote
• Welsh Rarebit
• Sandwich américain
• Kipper
• Le Hostellerie De le Rivere

Notable people

Born in Boulogne

• Matilda of Boulogne (1105-1152), countess of Boulogne and queen of England
• Frédéric Sauvage (1786-1857), engineer and inventor of the propeller
• Pierre Claude François Daunou (1761-1840), politician and historian
• Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve (1804-1869), literary critic and one of the major figures of French literary history
• Guillaume Duchenne (1806-1875), neurologist
• Henri Malo, writer and historian
• Alexandre Guilmant (1837-1911), organist/composer
• Ernest Hamy (1842-1908), anthropologist/ethnologist; created (in 1880) the museum of ethnography of Trocadéro (today known as the Musée de l'Homme, Trocadéro)
• Auguste Mariette (1821-1881), scholar and archaeologist, one of the foremost Egyptologists of his generation, and the founder of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo
• Benoît-Constant Coquelin (1841-1909), actor
• Ernest Alexandre Honoré Coquelin, actor
• Georges Mathieu (born 1921), famous painter, initiator of "lyrical abstraction" and informal art
• Sophie Daumier (1934 - 2004), film actress
• Jean-Pierre Papin (born 1963), footballer
• Mickaël Bourgain (born 1980), track cyclist
• Franck Bilal Ribéry (born 1983), footballer

Others associated with Boulogne

The Column of the Grande Armée commemorates Napoleon's gathering of 200,000 soldiers near Boulogne for a proposed invasion of England

• Godfrey of Bouillon, count of Boulogne, leader of the First Crusade
• Blaise de Monluc, marshal of France
• José de San Martín, Argentine commander who liberated Argentina, Chile, and Peru; lived for two years in Boulogne and died here in 1850
• Maurice Boitel (born 1919), painter
• Constant Coquelin, actor
• Jacques-Oudart Fourmentin aka "Le Baron Bucaille", corsair
• Benoît-Agathon Haffreingue, priest and builder of Boulogne's cathedral
• Olivier Latry (b. 1962), musician, educator
• John McCrae (1872-1918), Canadian doctor, poet; author of "In Flanders Field"

Twin towns

Boulogne-sur-Mer is twinned with:

• Constanţa, Romania
• Folkestone, England, United Kingdom
• La Plata, Argentina
• Zweibrücken, Germany - since 1959

See also

• Château de Boulogne-sur-Mer
• Côte d'Opale
• Siege of Boulogne
• Vieux-Boulogne
• Itius Portus
• Notre-Dame de Boulogne
• Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department

References

Wikinews has related news: French fishermen blockade Channel ports

• INSEE (English)
• IGN (English)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Boulogne-sur-Mer

• Tourism in Boulogne sur Mer and the Boulonnais area (in English)
• Boulogne-sur-Mer city council website (in French)
• Visiting Boulogne-sur-Mer (English guide and tourist map)
• NAUSICAÄ's official website (in French and English)
• Boulogne 2005 Esperanto
• A few old postcards of Boulogne-sur-Mer
• Universite d'ete de Boulogne-sur-Mer
• The university library of ULCO