The Boys' Brigade (BB) is the world's first uniformed youth
organisation. The idea for this interdenominational Christian organisation was
conceived by William Alexander Smith. Following its inception in
Glasgow in 1883, the BB quickly spread across the United Kingdom and became a worldwide organisation by the early 1890s.[1]
Object, motto and emblem
The object of the Boys' Brigade is "The advancement of Christ's kingdom among Boys and the promotion of habits of
Obedience, Reverence, Discipline, Self-respect and all that tends towards a true Christian manliness." Except for the
addition of the word "obedience" in 1893, the object has remained unchanged from the beginning.[2]
When designing the Brigade's motto and crest, William Smith referred directly to Hebrews 6:19 in the King James Version of the Bible, "Which
hope we have as an anchor of the soul, both sure and stedfast..."
From this verse came the BB motto, "Sure and Stedfast", retaining the old spelling of the latter word.[2] Today, some parts of the movement have
adopted the modern spelling of "steadfast", whilst others continue to use the original spelling.[1][3]
The crest was originally a plain anchor, bearing the BB motto with a capital 'B' on either side. Upon the merger between the
Boys' Brigade and the Boys' Life Brigade in 1926, the red Greek cross was placed behind the anchor to form the current emblem.[1] The cross originally formed part of emblem of the Boys' Life
Brigade.
History
The first Boys' Brigade company was set up by Sir William Smith on 4 October
1883 at Free Church Mission Hall, North Woodside Road, Glasgow,
Scotland to develop "Christian manliness" by the use of a semi-military discipline and order, gymnastics, summer camps, and religious services and classes.
In the years following the establishment of the 1st Glasgow company, others were rapidly formed throughout Scotland and the rest of the United Kingdom leading to a movement
comprising thousands of boys: in the early 20th century there were about 2,200 companies connected with different churches
throughout the United Kingdom, the British Empire, and the United States, with 10,000 officers and 160,000 boys. Each company is
normally affiliated to a battalion encompassing several nearby companies, which in turn are organized at a district and then
national level, although in Scotland each company is attached to a local district, which is attached to a battalion. Companies
are named in the form "2nd Springfield", indicating the second company to have been established in or around Springfield; it
should be noted that where companies have closed, numbers are not normally reallocated, so it is quite normal to find a "2nd" but
no "1st" company.
Being the earliest of all youth organizations, a simple rosette was worn as an identifying uniform, shortly being replaced by
the simple use of a belt, haversack, and pillbox cap (a
popular military cap of the day) worn over the boys' everyday clothing. The pillbox cap was used into the 1960s, long after it
had fallen out of use in the British Army, when it was replaced with a field cap.
The movement also pioneered camping for leisure in Britain, previously rarely used outside the military. Early admirers of the
Brigade included Robert Baden-Powell who as Vice President
of the Boys' Brigade used it alongside initiatives in schools, particularly Eton, to
promote the idea of scouting and outdoor pursuits based on those of the military for boys. At the time, he did not originally
intend that any individual organization would later arise from this aim in the form of the various Boy
Scouts movements. Early examples of Scouting were seen in Boys' Brigade Scouting awards and even specialised Boys'
Brigade Scout sections who wore a blue uniform with shorts and the distinctive Smokey Bear hat traditionally
identified with Scouts, and still worn today by drill sergeants in the United States
Army. However, nowadays there is a certain friendly rivalry between the two groups.
The Boys' Life Brigade was one of many similar movements formed by the Boys' Brigade's influence, sometimes along
denominational or religious lines, including the Church Lads' Brigade, the Jewish Lads' Brigade, or the Catholic Boys' Brigade.
The merger also prompted the abandonment of dummy drill rifles that had been used in The Boys' Brigade, due to the Life Brigade's
objection to use of weapons or their representations. For some time afterwards, the section covering members aged 8–12 years was
known as Life Boys, before being restyled as the Junior section (see below).
A popular [citation needed] hymn in the BB is "Will Your Anchor Hold"[4] by Priscilla Owens, usually sung at
displays and church services.
Establishment of recreational camping
Drawing from his military experience, Sir William Smith introduced the concept of
camping into the Brigade to allow boys and officers to remain in contact when other activities
ceased for the summer break.[5]
The notion was initially ill-received due to concerns for the boys' safety.[5][6] A mother has been quoted saying, "Camp! My children have always had a roof over their heads,
and as long as I live, always will!".[5]
Nevertheless, Sir William Smith proceeded with the idea and 1st Glasgow Company held its inaugural one-week camp beginning on
Friday, 16 July 1886, at Tighnabruaich in the Kyles of
Bute.[5]
The initial reservations towards camping did not last. A tradition developed, where the boys who were marching home on the
last day of camp would be greeted by cheers from residents and were each presented with a bouquet of flowers.[5] Camps soon became one of the most anticipated
events in the year[6] and early
publications of the Boys' Brigade Gazette contained many accounts of camping
experiences.[5]
Sir William Smith's plans and notes for his first camps have been preserved, and have been used by many other campers.[5]
Sections in the BB
There are five different age groups, known as "sections", within the organisation:
- Anchors - 5 to 8 years
- Juniors - 8 to 11 years
- Company - 11 to 15 years
- Seniors - 15 to 18 years
- Amicus - 15 to 22 years (Note, this section also admits girls)
Age groups are typically based on school years, so boys in the same year group would be promoted to the next section together,
regardless of the dates of individual boys' birthdays. In some companies, sections may merge or there may be minor variations to
the normal age boundaries, to accommodate excessively large or small groups of boys or a lack of leaders.
Amicus was launched in 1994, and is intended to either run as an alternative to the Seniors programme or even without any
other Boys' or Girls' Brigade sections operating. The Amicus concept emphasises involvement of all its members in decision-making
concerning the running of the section, such as the content and whether a uniform is to be worn. The section will be overseen and
supervised by leaders aged over 18, who receive training from the Boys' Brigade and may deliver parts of the programme.[7]
Leadership
Officers (adult leaders)
Leaders in training Warrant Officers attaining the rank of Lieutenant only when having completed additional formal training in youth leadership. To avoid unnecessary
leader hierarchy, all qualified officers are Lieutenants.[citation needed] The post of Captain of a company is a
brevet rank with those in the position reverting to Lieutenant when they cease to be
in the position; similarly other positions such as the company Adjutant (second to the captain)
are considered appointments rather than substantive ranks.
Boys bearing the rank of Staff-Sergeant are non-commissioned officers but act within the company as Officers.
Boys as Non-Commissioned Officers
An older boy can gain promotion to become a Non-Commissioned Officer (NCO). There are six ranks available, each being awarded
when a boy is of a certain age and reaches a high enough standard of leadership. The six ranks are:
- Private (minimum age 13 or promotion to company section)
- Lance Corporal (minimum age 14)
- Corporal (minimum age 15)
- Sergeant (minimum age 16)
- Colour Sergeant (minimum age 17)
- Staff Sergeant (minimum age 18)
- there is also the ceremonial rank of Drum Major who leads the band.
NCOs often play an important role in the Boys' Brigade, helping the officers and other adult helpers with organising
activities and awards classes, particular in the Anchors and Juniors sections. NCOs wear chevrons on their upper right arm, a red
sash is worn by Colour Sergeants and a Drum Major wears a badge on his right upper armband.
Staff sergeants act within the company as officers and do not stand in the ranks; however Staff Sergeants are boys of the
Brigade. As they have received no formal training as officers and are not required to under go the standard police checks as they
are still serving ‘boys’, they can still partake in company activities and computations and still earn awards and badges. The
uniform of Staff Sergeants is also different to that of the normal boy or NCO, they wear a white shirt with an armband on the
right forearm which has four inverted chevrons on it (as historically worn by senior grades of sergeant in the British Army) other than
that the rest of the uniform is the same
Awards
Each section within the Boys' Brigade has awards that can be gained by fulfilling achievements.
The Anchors can gain awards for Project, Sports, and Scrapbook, among others.
The Juniors award scheme was revised in 2004 and members of the section can now gain the Junior
Target Award, followed by Bronze, Silver and Gold awards, by completing a variety of activities in the areas of Body, Mind,
Spirit, Community, and Creativity.
The Company Section can gain one Target badge first (reduced from the required two in an award reorganisation a few years ago,
though Target Two can still be completed as an optional extra), then five other badges (Interests, Adventure, Leadership,
Physical and Community) with red and blue flashes around them. After about three years, the boys should have gained all five
badges with both red and blue flashes. This enables the boys to attend a Leadership Training Course and potentially attain the
President's Badge. This is a necessary prerequisite for the Brigade's highest award - the Queen's Badge.
In non-Commonwealth countries, the Founder's Badge is used in place of the
Queen's Badge.[8] However, the Boys' Brigade in Malaysia and the Boys' Brigade in Singapore have chosen to use the Founder's
Badge, although these countries are members of the Commonwealth.
Other countries
- The Boys' Brigade was prominent in Canada up until the mid-1980s.[citation needed] The Boys' Brigade owned a camp north of Toronto at Gravenhurst, Ontario.
The last of the "Toronto companies" were the 11th and 9th. In addition, there were several companies in Montreal Quebec (8th
Montreal and others), Winnipeg Manitoba, and Calgary Alberta.
- The Boys' Brigade in Malaysia was first organised in 1946. It has
continued a steady growth ever since and now has 6,714 members in 101 Companies [9].
- The Boys' Brigade in Singapore was organised in 1930 by former BB
members of the South China Battalion who escaped from Swatow, China during the occupation of the region by the Chinese Communist
Party. It currently has more than 7,000 members in 117 Companies [10] [11].
See also
References
Sources
External links
Links to companies are not listed, but can be found on the appropriate national BB website.
National Websites
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