The Breakthrough of the Year is an annual award made by the journal Science for the most significant development in scientific research. Originating in 1989 as the Molecule of the Year, inspired by Time's Man of the Year, it was renamed the Breakthrough of the Year in 1996.
Molecule of the year
- 1989 PCR and DNA polymerase[1]
- 1990 the manufacture of synthetic diamonds[2]
- 1991 buckminsterfullerene[3]
- 1992 nitric oxide[4]
- 1993 p53[5]
- 1994 DNA repair enzyme[6]
- 1995 Bose–Einstein condensate[7]
Since 2002 the awarding for the Molecule of the Year is resumed by the International Society For Molecular and Cell Biology and Biotechnology Protocols and Researches (ISMCBBPR).[8]
Breakthrough of the year
- 1996 understanding HIV[9]
- 1997 Dolly the sheep, the first mammal to be cloned from adult cells[10]
- 1998 the accelerating universe, dark matter[11]
- 1999 capturing the promise of youth with stem cells[12]
- 2000 Full genome sequencing[13]
- 2001 nanocircuits or molecular circuit[14]
- 2002 small RNAs[15]
- 2003 dark energy[16]
- 2004 Spirit rover landed on Mars[17]
- 2005 evolution in action[18]
- 2006 proof of the Poincaré conjecture[19]
- 2007 Human genetic variation[20]
- 2008 Cellular Reprogramming[21]
References
- ^ R. L. Guyer and D. E. Koshland, Jr (1989). "The Molecule of the Year". Science 246 (4937): 1543-1546. doi:.
- ^ D. E. Koshland, Jr (1990). "The Molecule of the Year". Science 250 (4988): 1637. doi:.
- ^ D. E. Koshland, Jr (1991). "Molecule of the Year". Science 254 (5039): 1705. doi:.
- ^ D. E. Koshland, Jr (1992). "The Molecule of the Year". Science 258 (5090): 1861. doi:.
- ^ D. E. Koshland, Jr (1993). "Molecule of the Year". Science 262 (5142): 1953. doi:.
- ^ D. E. Koshland, Jr (1994). "Molecule of the Year: the DNA repair enzyme". Science 266 (5193): 1925. doi:.
- ^ D. E. Koshland, Jr (1995). "Molecule of the Year: A New Form of Matter Unveiled". Science 270 (5244): 1902. doi:.
- ^ Molecule of the Year. ISMCBBPR.
- ^ Michael Balter (1996). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. New Hope in HIV Disease". Science 274 (5295): 1988-1991. doi:.
- ^ Elizabeth Pennisi (1997). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Cloning: The Lamb That Roared". Science 278 (5346): 2038-2039. doi:.
- ^ James Glanz (1998). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. ASTRONOMY: Cosmic Motion Revealed". Science 282 (5397): 2156-2157. doi:.
- ^ Gretchen Vogel (1999). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Capturing the Promise of Youth". Science 286 (5448): 2238-2239. doi:.
- ^ Elizabeth Pennisi (2000). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Genomics Comes of Age". Science 290 (5500): 2220-2221. doi:.
- ^ Robert F. Service (2001). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Molecules Get Wired". Science 294 (5551): 2442-2443. doi:.
- ^ Jennifer Couzin (2002). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Small RNAs Make Big Splash". Science 298 (5602): 2296-2297. doi:.
- ^ Charles Seife (2003). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Illuminating the Dark Universe". Science 302 (5653): 2038-2039. doi:.
- ^ Richard A. Kerr (2004). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. On Mars, a Second Chance for Life". Science 306 (5704): 2010-2012. doi:.
- ^ Elizabeth Culotta, Elizabeth Pennisi (2005). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Evolution in Action". Science 310 (5756): 1878-1879. doi:.
- ^ Dana Mackenzie (2006). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. The Poincaré Conjecture—Proved". Science 314 (5807): 1848-1849. doi:.
- ^ Elizabeth Pennisi (2007). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Human Genetic Variation". Science 318 (5858): 1842-1843. doi:.
- ^ Gretchen Vogel (2008). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Reprogramming Cells". Science 322 (5909): 1766-1767. doi:.
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