British Rail Class 170

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British Rail Class 170 "Turbostar"
Class 170 number 170397 at Peterborough with a CrossCountry service to Birmingham New Street.
In service	1998 - Present
Manufacturer	ADtranz / Bombardier
Family name	Turbostar
Constructed	1998-2005
Number built	122 trainsets
Formation	2/3 cars per trainset
Operator	CrossCountry First ScotRail First TransPennine Express London Midland National Express East Anglia
Specifications
Car length	23.62 m (77 ft 6 in)
Maximum speed	100 mph (160 km/h)
Engine(s)	MTU 6R 183TD
Safety system(s)	AWS, TPWS
Coupling system	BSI[1]

The Class 170 "Turbostar" is a diesel multiple unit (DMU) built by Bombardier Transportation (and previously ADtranz) at their Derby Litchurch Lane Works, England.

Introduced after privatisation, they have operated as regional trains as well as long-distance trains, and to a lesser extent suburban trains. 122 units have been built.

Design

The class are a continuation of the design used in the British Rail Class 165, 166 and 168 DMUs known as the Networker-turbos which were built by BREL and later ABB Transportation Ltd before that company eventually became part of Bombardier.

Notable features shared are the aluminium alloy frame and Voith transmission as well as the general bodyshape (the cab ends are comparable with the Class 168, but not Class 165/166), interior design and door fittings. The final drive is sourced from ZF instead of Gmeinder and the diesel engine supplier has changed to MTU.^[2]

The engine and transmission are situated under the body; one bogie per coach is powered, the other bogie unpowered. All coaches in the set are powered (there are no unpowered trailers). The units can work in multiple with British Rail Classes 150 to 170 ie the Sprinters, Networker turbos and other units of the same class.^[3]

Seating arrangements are of both 2+1 (first class) and 2+2 (standard class) formation, and gives a seated passenger capacity of between ~100 and ~200 per three car set (depending on the specifications of the operator).^[4] 2 car sets are also operated.

Subclasses

The Class has been categorised into six sub-classes - the basic specifications remain the same (engine, length, transmission etc) - the differences being the seating arrangements specified by the different operators - because of the different interior fittings the sub-classes differ in weight from one another by a small amount: up to ~2 tonnes.^[3]

All the subclasses were built at Derby either under AdTranz or Bombardier's ownership.^[3]

Operations

Scotland

First ScotRail Class 170/4, no. 170434 at Glasgow Central in the new Transport Scotland Saltire livery

First ScotRail is the largest operator of the Class 170, with a fleet comprising of 59 3-car sets. Originally, 34 of these had First Class accommodation.

They are mainly used on Edinburgh-Glasgow (Queen Street), Inverness-Glasgow/Edinburgh and Aberdeen-Glasgow/Edinburgh.

An additional nine units were ordered and operated by Strathclyde Partnership for Transport (SPT) and were painted in the Strathclyde maroon and cream livery; these units now operate under the direction of Transport Scotland, which has authority over the entire ScotRail area.

Additionally, four 3-car sets fitted with 'mini-buffets' were obtained from Hull Trains, also containing First Class accommodation and are regularly rostered to work longer distance services, particularly to the north. When working on a diagram without First Class provision (at the discretion of the on-train staff), the First Class areas may be declassified.

All units (including SPT liveried examples) are allocated to Edinburgh's Haymarket depot.

In September 2008 the Scottish Government's agency Transport Scotland announced that all ScotRail trains (including from the Strathclyde Partnership for Transport) would be eventually repainted in a new, blue livery with white Saltire markings on the carriage ends.^[5] The first unit to get the livery was 170434, which was unveiled to the public at Glasgow Queen Street on 22 September 2008.

In December 2008, some of the Standard Class only units were fitted with First Class sections.

Northern England

First TransPennine Express Class 170/3 at Huddersfield on 13 March 2007

First TransPennine Express operate nine Class 170s, used on the Manchester to Hull route. Originally Class 185s were set to operate the route but a combination of weight restriction problems on the Selby to Hull line and the government reducing the amount of money available to First Transpennine Express for new trains resulted in Class 170s coming into service.

First TransPennine Express received eight Turbostars from South West Trains, 170301-170308 at the end of 2006 and the start of 2007, as well as 170399 from Central Trains in November 2007 which was re-numbered to 170309.

The units are maintained by Bombardier Crofton. The 170s have since been refurbished to include CCTV, plug sockets at table seats, replacement seat covers and an accessible toilet. The work was carried out by Transys at Clacton-on-Sea.

Hull Trains

Hull Trains Class 170

Hull Trains began its London King's Cross to Hull services using Turbostars, initially with four sets on short-term lease from Anglia Railways. In 2004, it received four of its own 3 car Class 170/3 units, and returned the original units to Anglia.

In 2005, following its acquisition by FirstGroup, Hull Trains received four new Class 222/1 "Pioneer" units and transferred the Turbostars to its sister company First ScotRail.

The Midlands

Midland Mainline Class 170/1, nos. 170110 and 170117 at Derby on 18 September 2003, during service to London St. Pancras

Midland Mainline (MML) was the first operator to order Turbostars, with the first being introduced in MML's green and tangerine livery in 1998. MML ordered a fleet of seventeen 2-car Class 170/1 units, although the first ten were subsequently made-up to 3-cars. The units were introduced on stopping services from London St. Pancras to Leicester, Derby and Nottingham. Some units were also used on summer Saturday only services from the capital to York, which later became a year round service with summer extension to Scarborough.

Central Trains Class 170/5, no. 170518 at Peterborough on 3 June 2004, on a run to Birmingham

Central Trains had a fleet of 53 Class 170 units from various subclasses.

In 1999, Central received its first batch of twenty-three 2-car Class 170/5 and ten 3-car Class 170/6 units. These were used to replace Class 156 units on long distance "Citylink" services. These units all carried the Central Trains livery of green, blue and yellow.

From late 2004, Central also took three Class 170/3 on lease from Porterbrook. Units 170397 and 170398 are 3-car units and 170399 is a 2-car unit. The units originally carried a white livery with purple doors (the house colours of owners Porterbrook). All three of these units contained First Class accommodation which were declassified (allowing Standard Class use throughout the train) as First Class travel is not provided on Central Trains services.

In 2004, Midland Main Line introduced new Class 222 "Meridian" units, which started to replace the Turbostars, as a result the fleet was transferred to former National Express Group franchise Central Trains: Ten units (170101-110) are 3-car units, with the remaining seven units (170111-117) being 2-car units. As with the three spot-hire units from Porterbrook these 17 units had first class accommodation, which was declassified.

All Class 170 units which were in service with Central were used on a variety of services (mostly long distance) including:

• "Citylink" services
• Birmingham-Stansted Airport
• Norwich-Liverpool
• Nottingham-Cardiff
• Birmingham to Leicester
• Derby to Matlock
• Derby to Crewe
• Leicester to Lincoln Central
• Nottingham to Worksop
• Nottingham to Skegness

Class 170 units have been replaced by Class 350 "Desiro" units on Birmingham-Liverpool services.

When Central Trains lost its franchise in 2007, 23 of Central Trains' units were transferred to London Midland which took over the West Midlands franchise and continues to use Class 170s on these workings. 29 out of the other 30 were transferred to CrossCountry and are used on mainly shorter distance services in the Midlands such as Cardiff - Nottingham and Birmingham - Stansted Airport, the last of Central Trains' 170s went to First Transpennine Express; East Midlands Trains did not receive any despite taking over the previously Class 170 operated Liverpool to Norwich route.

London Midland has ordered more Turbostars for use on the Snow Hill Lines; these will Class 172 which are a development of the design. They are expected to be operating by summer 2010.^[6]

Eastern England

Anglia Railways ordered two batches of Turbostars. The first batch of eight 3-car Class 170/2 units were built for London Liverpool Street to Ipswich, Norwich, Lowestoft and Bury St. Edmunds services.

Class 170/2, no. 170202 at Cambridge on 21 August 2004, travelling to Norwich. This unit has been repainted in the 'one' livery.

These supplemented the existing Class 86 locomotive-hauled trains from London to Norwich. Four of these units were later hired to Hull Trains from 2002–2004, before they acquired their own Turbostars.

Other units, including the spot-hire set no. 170 399, were used on Anglia's short-lived Norwich to Basingstoke ‘London Crosslink’ service. In 2002, Anglia introduced a new Cambridge to Norwich direct service, and acquired four two-carriage units dedicated to working these services.

In 2004 the Greater Anglia franchise was won by the National Express Group subsidiary 'one', (since rebranded as National Express East Anglia.) Since then, two-carriage Turbostars have been used for the Cambridge to Norwich route, and also on new through services including Peterborough and Lowestoft to London Liverpool Street via Ipswich.

The three-carriage trains used to include a buffet and larger First Class area, but because more seating was needed, the buffet area has been replaced and the number of First Class seats reduced.

South-West England

South West Trains 170308 at London Waterloo

South West Trains (SWT) acquired a fleet of eight 2-car Class 170/3 units in 2000, to supplement its existing Class 159 fleet. Units operated on London Waterloo to Salisbury, Reading to Brighton, Southampton local trains and occasionally on Exeter services.

All of these units were transferred to TransPennine Express at the end 2006.

Southern Region of England

Southern obtained six 2-car Class 170/7 units, along with six 4-car Class 171/8 units, in 2003 to replace its aging Class 205 and Class 207 units on services on the Marshlink Line and Oxted Line to Uckfield.

Southern later fitted these units with the Dellner type coupler used on its Class 171s, reclassifying its two car units as Class 171/7 replacing the standard BSI coupler fitted to Class 170s.

Current fleet details

Central Trains 170516 departing Lincoln Central on a service to Leicester on 8 September 2007

170397 in Porterbrook/Central Trains livery. This unit is one of the spot-hire units (see left).

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: British Rail Class 170

• Class 170 fleet listing from thejunction.org.uk