The Buchanan Medal is awarded by the Royal Society every year "in recognition of distinguished contribution to the medical sciences generally". It was created in 1897 to be awarded once every five years, but since 1990 the medal has been awarded every two years.[1] Since its creation, it has been awarded 28 times, and unlike other Royal Society medals such as the Royal Medal, it has never been awarded to the same individual multiple times. As a result of the criteria for the medal, most of the winners have been doctors or other medical professionals; an exception was Frederick Warner, an engineer who won the medal in 1982 "for his important role in reducing pollution of the River Thames and of his significant contributions to risk assessment".[2]
One winner has also won a Nobel Prize: Barry Marshall, who was awarded the Buchanan Medal in 1998 "in recognition of his work on discovering the role of Helicobacter pylori as a cause of diseases such as duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, gastric cancer and gastritis-associated dyspepsia" and won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2005.[3] The first winner was John Simon, who won his medal in 1897 "for his distinguished services as an organizer of medical sanitary administration in this country, and as a promoter of scientific research relating to public health"; the most recent winner was Christopher Marshall, who won the medal in 2008 "for his outstanding contribution to understanding the process whereby cancers develop and in the identification of major targets for their therapeutic treatment".[1]
List of recipients
| Year | Name | Rationale | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1897 | John Simon | "for his distinguished services as an organizer of medical sanitary administration in this country, and as a promoter of scientific research relating to public health" | [4] |
| 1902 | Sydney Copeman | "for his experimental investigations into the bacteriology and comparative pathology of vaccination" | [5] |
| 1907 | William Henry Power | "for his services to sanitary science" | — |
| 1912 | William Craw | "for his sanitary administration of the works of the Panama Canal" | — |
| 1917 | Almroth Wright | "for his contributions to preventive medicine" | [6] |
| 1922 | David Bruce | "for his researches and discoveries in tropical medicine" | [7] |
| 1927 | Major Greenwood | "for his statistical researches and other work in relation to public health" | [8] |
| 1932 | Thorvald Madsen | "for his very important theoretical and practical work on immunity, especially in relation to diphtheria antitoxin" | — |
| 1937 | Frederick Fuller Russell | "for his work in relation to public health problems in many parts of the world on behalf of the International Health Division of the Rockefeller Foundation" | — |
| 1942 | Wilson Jameson | "for his distinguished administrative service to hygienic science and practice" | [9] |
| 1947 | Edward Mellanby | "for his distinguished researches on the physiology of nutrition, especially in relation to the causation of deficiency diseases" | [10] |
| 1952 | Rickard Christophers | "for his outstanding research on malaria and on the Anopheles mosquitos [sic] which transmit that disease" | [11] |
| 1957 | Neil Hamilton Fairley | "for his distinguished contributions to the control of malaria" | [12] |
| 1962 | Landsborough Thomson | "for his long and distinguished services to the support and administration of medical and biological research" | [13] |
| 1967 | Graham Wilson | "for his distinguished work on the medical aspects of bacteriology and immunity, and for the public health laboratory service of England and Wales" | [14] |
| 1972 | Richard Doll | "for his outstanding studies on the aetiology, prevention and treatment of disease, especially cancer" | [15] |
| 1977 | David Evans | "for his leading role in the standardization and safety control of vaccines" | [16] |
| 1982 | Frederick Warner | "for his important role in reducing pollution of the River Thames and of his significant contributions to risk assessment" | [17] |
| 1987 | Gyorgy Karoly Radda | "for his development of high resolution NMR spectroscopy for the study of cellular energetics and cellular enzymology, and for medical diagnosis, and of the insights and advances thereby gained" | — |
| 1990 | Cyril Clarke | "for his innovative studies on haemolytic disease of the newborn which culminated in new therapies leading to the elimination of this major fetal disease" | [18] |
| 1992 | Denis Parsons Burkitt | "for his discovery of a lymphoma which bears his name" | [19] |
| 1994 | No Award | — | [20] |
| 1996 | "for his contribution to vision research and his most important achievement in his discovery of the role of oxygen in the pathogenesis of retrolental fibroplasia now known as retinopathy of prematurity, together with his studies of the mechanism of hypertensive retinopathy, studies of the pathology of diabetic retinopathy and amoebic infection of the eye" | [21] | |
| 1998 | Barry James Marshall | "in recognition of his work on discovering the role of Helicobacter pylori as a cause of diseases such as duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, gastric cancer and gastritis-associated dyspepsia" | [22] |
| 2000 | William Stanley Peart | "for his contribution to the foundations of understanding of the renin angiotensin system in particular through his seminal work on the isolation and determination of the structure of angiotensin, purification of renin, and subsequent studies on the control of renin release" | — |
| 2002 | Michael Waterfield | "Michael Waterfield for his exceptional skill in protein biochemistry which have transformed our understanding of signal transduction, and the subversion of cellular signalling pathways in cancer" | — |
| 2004 | David P. Lane | "in recognition of his discovery of the p53 protein and the subsequent research in which this basic discovery has been followed through to clinical application, exploiting the p53 pathway to find new treatments for cancer" | — |
| 2006 | Iain MacIntyre | "for his many contributions to his field, ranging from the fundamental discoveries on the cellular origin and biochemical mode of the action of calcitonin to its application in clinical practice" | [23] |
| 2008 | Christopher Marshall | "for his outstanding contribution to understanding the process whereby cancers develop and in the identification of major targets for their therapeutic treatment" | [24] |
References
General
- "Buchanan archive winners 1957 - 1897". The Royal Society. http://royalsociety.org/page.asp?id=1764. Retrieved on 2009-01-27.
- "Buchanan recent winners (2006 - 1962)". The Royal Society. http://royalsociety.org/page.asp?id=1763. Retrieved on 2009-01-27.
Specific
- ^ a b "The Buchanan Medal (1897)". Royal Society. http://royalsociety.org/page.asp?id=1762. Retrieved on 2009-01-28.
- ^ "Buchanan recent winners (2006 - 1962)". The Royal Society. http://royalsociety.org/page.asp?id=1763. Retrieved on 2009-01-27.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005". Nobel Foundation. 2005. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2005/illpres/. Retrieved on 2009-01-28.
- ^ "Oxford DNB article: Simon, Sir John (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. 2004. http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/36097?docPos=2. Retrieved on 2009-01-28.
- ^ "Oxford DNB article: Copeman, Sydney Arthur Monkton (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. 2004. http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/63940?docPos=1. Retrieved on 2009-01-28.
- ^ "Oxford DNB article:Wright, Sir Almroth Edward (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. 2004. http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/37032. Retrieved on 2009-01-28.
- ^ "Oxford DNB article: Bruce, Sir David (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. 2004. http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/32132?docPos=2. Retrieved on 2009-01-28.
- ^ "Oxford DNB article:Greenwood, Major (subscription needed)". Oxford DNB article. 2004. http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/51797. Retrieved on 2009-01-28.
- ^ "American Journal of Public Health Reprint" (PDF). American Journal of Public Health. http://www.ajph.org/cgi/reprint/33/2/192.pdf. Retrieved on 2009-01-28.
- ^ "Oxford DNB article: Mellanby, Sir Edward (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. 2004. http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/34980?docPos=1. Retrieved on 2009-01-28.
- ^ "Mosquito Systematics - Sir Rickard Christophers: a tribute" (PDF). Mosquito Systematics. http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/pdfs/MS11N01P055.PDF. Retrieved on 2009-01-28.
- ^ "Fairley, Sir Neil Hamilton (1891 - 1966) - Australian Dictionary of National Biography Online". Australian Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A140139b.htm. Retrieved on 2009-01-28.
- ^ "Oxford DNB article: Thompson, Sir (Arthur) Landsborough (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. 2004. http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/31757. Retrieved on 2009-01-28.
- ^ "AIM25 text-only browsing: Wellcome Library Wilson, Sir Graham Selby (1895-1987)". AIM25. http://www.aim25.ac.uk/cats/20/857.htm. Retrieved on 2009-01-28.
- ^ "Richard Doll Bio" (PDF). University of Guelf. http://www.uoguelph.ca/cntc/announce/Richard_doll_bio.pdf. Retrieved on 2009-01-28.
- ^ "Oxford DNB article: Evans, Sir David Gwynne (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. 2004. http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/31086?docPos=2. Retrieved on 2009-01-28.
- ^ "Papers and correspondence of Sir Frederick Warner". Mimas. http://www.archiveshub.ac.uk/news/0609warner.html. Retrieved on 2009-01-28.
- ^ "Oxford DNB article:Clarke, Sir Cyril (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. 2004. http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/74875. Retrieved on 2009-01-28.
- ^ "Oxford DNB article:Burkitt, Denis Parsons (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. 2004. http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/57333?docPos=1. Retrieved on 2009-01-28.
- ^ An explanation as to why no award was given this year has not been disclosed by the Royal Society
- ^ "Norman Henry Ashton CBE, DSC (LOND), FRCP, FRCS, FRCPATH, FRCOPHTH, FRS, KSTJ, b 11 September 1913, d 4 January 2000". British Journal of Ophthalmology. http://bjo.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/84/4/443. Retrieved on 2009-01-28.
- ^ "Barry Marshall Biography -- Academy of Achievement". Academy of Achievement. http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/mar1bio-1. Retrieved on 2009-01-28.
- ^ "ScienceDirect - Bone:In Memoriam". ScienceDirect. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T4Y-4V47CGG-4&_user=635275&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000033818&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=635275&md5=ef93b405a21bec9d184f83c46fb2eb24. Retrieved on 2009-01-28.
- ^ "Institute Professor Wins Prestigious Science Award". Institute of Cancer Research. http://www.icr.ac.uk/press/press_archive/press_releases_2008/9625.shtml. Retrieved on 2009-01-28.
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