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byssinosis

 
(bĭs'ĭ-nō'sĭs) pronunciation
n.
An occupational respiratory disease caused by the long-term inhalation of cotton, flax, or hemp dust and characterized by shortness of breath, coughing, and wheezing. Also called brown lung disease.

[Late Latin byssinum, linen garment (from Latin byssus, linen cloth; see byssus) + -OSIS.]


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Respiratory disorder caused by an endotoxin produced by bacteria found in the fibres of cotton. The disorder is common among textile workers. In addition, the endotoxin stimulates histamine release; air passages constrict, making breathing difficult. Over time the endotoxin accumulates in the lung, producing a typical brown discoloration. First recognized in the 17th century, byssinosis today is seen in most cotton-producing regions of the world. Several years of exposure to cotton fibres are needed before byssinosis develops. In advanced stages, it causes chronic, irreversible obstructive lung disease. Though endotoxin in cotton is by far the most common cause, endotoxins found in flax, hemp, and other organic fibres can also produce byssinosis.

For more information on byssinosis, visit Britannica.com.

(bĭs'ĭ-nō'sĭs)
n.

A form of pneumoconiosis that affects cotton, flax, and hemp workers and is characterized by symptoms, such as wheezing, that are most severe at the beginning of each work week. Also called brown lung disease.

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Related topics:
occupational disease
Occupational Lung Disease
Medicine, Occupational (American history)

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American Heritage Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. © 1994-2012 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
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