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Calabar Angwantibo

 
Animal Encyclopedia: Calabar angwantibo
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Arctocebus calabarensis

SUBFAMILY

Perodictinae

TAXONOMY

Arctocebus calabarensis (J. A. Smith, 1860), Old Calabar, Nigeria. Most classifications have recognized only a single species in the genus Arctocebus, but there are convincing reasons for raising the golden angwantibo to the rank of a separate species (Arctocebus aureus).

OTHER COMMON NAMES

English: Golden potto; French: Arctocèbe; German: Bärenmaki.

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Relatively small, with a slender body. Second finger and toe even more reduced than in lorisines. Fur orange-brown dorsally and white or pale gray to buff ventrally. Head and body length: 9.5 in (24 cm); tail length: 3 in (8 cm). Body mass: males 11 oz (310 g); females 11 oz (315 g).

DISTRIBUTION

Cameroon and Nigeria, north of the Sanaga River and extending westward to the Niger River.

HABITAT

Evergreen tropical rainforests of equatorial Africa, including both primary and secondary forests.

BEHAVIOR

Nocturnal and fully arboreal. Typically moves around slowly and deliberately among fine branches, and is generally cryptic. Forages solitarily, but individual males and females have social contacts through overlapping home ranges.

FEEDING ECOLOGY AND DIET

Feeds predominantly on arthropods (mainly insects) with a complement of fruit.

REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY

Typically gives birth to a single infant. Gestation period 134 days. Mating system is not known.

CONSERVATION STATUS

Listed as Near Threatened.

SIGNIFICANCE TO HUMANS

None known.

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Wikipedia: Calabar Angwantibo
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Calabar Angwantibo[1]
Conservation status
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Lorisidae
Subfamily: Perodicticinae
Genus: Arctocebus
Species: A. calabarensis
Binomial name
Arctocebus calabarensis
(Smith, 1860)

The Calabar Angwantibo (Arctocebus calabarensis), also known as the Calabar Potto, is a strepsirrhine primate from the Lorisidae family. It shares the genus Arctocebus with the Golden Angwantibo (Arctocebus aureus). It is closely related to the Potto (Perodicticus potto) and to the various lorises.

The Calabar Angwantibo lives in the rain forests of west Africa, particularly in tree-fall zones. In areas where the forest has been cleared, it has been known to live on farmland. Its range covers Cameroon, Nigeria and Equatorial Guinea. The species takes its name from the Nigerian city of Calabar.

The Calabar Angwantibo weighs between 266 and 465 grams. It has orangish-yellow fur on its back, grey or white fur on its belly, and a distinctive white line on its forehead and nose. Like other lorids, this angwantibo has a very short index finger, which allows it to get a strong grip on tree branches. The second toe on each foot has a specialised claw that the angwantibo uses for grooming. The Calabar Angwantibo is the only primate to have a nictitating membrane (third eyelid).[3]

The Calabar Angwantibo is nocturnal and arboreal. It stays considerably lower in the trees than the other nocturnal prosimians in its range, and is typically found between 5 and 15 metres above ground. It moves by climbing very slowly through the trees, always grasping branches with at least three of its limbs at a time. During the day the angwantibo sleeps under dense foliage, hanging from a branch.

The Calabar Angwantibo's diet consists mainly of insects, especially caterpillars, but it also eats some fruit. It will eat strong-smelling insects that other animals reject. Before eating a caterpillar, the angwantibo wipes it carefully with its hands to remove any poisonous barbs.

When confronted by a predator, the Calabar Angwantibo will roll up into a ball, but keep its mouth open beneath its armpit. If the attacker persists, the angwantibo will bite it and not let go.

Calabar Angwantibos forage for food alone, but each male's territory overlaps that of several females. Angwantibos reinforce social bonds through mutual grooming and scent-marking. Mating takes place only in the final phase of the female's estrous cycle, and is performed hanging upside-down from a branch. The female gives birth to a single infant after a gestation period of 131 to 136 days; the young are normally born between January and April. Infants are born with their eyes open and can cling to their mother's fur right away.

The Calabar Angwantibo, along with its close relative the Potto, makes a notable appearance in Patrick O'Brian's Aubrey-Maturin novels. Stephen Maturin acquires a Calabar Angwantibo on his travels and becomes 'absurdly attached' to it.

The search for an Angwantibo is also a minor focus of Gerald Durrell's first book, The Overloaded Ark.

References

  1. ^ Groves, C. (2005). Wilson, D. E., & Reeder, D. M.. ed. Mammal Species of the World (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 121-122. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3. 
  2. ^ Oates, J. F. & Bearder, S. (2008). Arctocebus calabarensis. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2008. Retrieved on 1 January 2009.
  3. ^ Montagna, W., Machida, H., and Perkins, E.M. 1966. The skin of primates XXXIII.: The skin of the angwantibo. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. Vol. 25, 277-290.

External links

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Animal Encyclopedia. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Copyright © 2005 by The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Calabar Angwantibo".  Read more