Cambridge Z88: Information from Answers.com

Cambridge Z88

Type	Portable computer
Release date	1988
Operating system	OZ
CPU	CMOS Z80A @ 3.2768 MHz
Memory	32 KiB RAM, 128 KiB EPROM (internal memory) as standard

The Cambridge Computer Z88 is an A4-size, lightweight, portable Z80-based computer with a built-in combined word processing/spreadsheet/database application called PipeDream, along with several other applications and utilities, such as a Z80-version of the BBC BASIC programming language.

The Z88 evolved from Sir Clive Sinclair's Pandora portable computer project which had been under development at Sinclair Research during the mid-1980s.^[1] After Sinclair Research's existing computer business and the Sinclair brand were sold to Amstrad in 1986, a new company, Cambridge Computer Ltd., was formed to continue development. The Z88 was therefore never formally known as the Sinclair Z88. The machine was launched at the Which Computer? Show on February 17, 1987.^[2]

1 Technical description
2 Memory map
3 Current status
4 External links
5 References

Technical description

The Z88 is a portable computer weighing 0.9 kg, based on a low-power CMOS version of the popular Zilog Z80 microprocessor. It comes with 32 KiB of internal pseudo-static RAM and 128 KiB of ROM containing the operating system (called OZ). The memory can be expanded up to 3.5 MiB of RAM, the contents of which are preserved across sessions. An integrated capacitor prevents the Z88 from losing its data for the limited amount of time it takes to change the batteries.

The machine used a membrane keyboard, which was almost silent in use; an optional electronic "click" could be turned on to indicate keystrokes. The Z88 was powered by four AA batteries, giving up to 20 hours of use. It had three memory card slots, which accommodated proprietary RAM, ROM or EPROM cards, the third slot being equipped with a built-in EPROM programmer. Card capacities ranged from 32 KiB to 1 MiB. Most users used one or two 128 KiB cards.

The Z88 had a built-in eight-line, "super-twisted" LCD display, which had greater contrast than conventional twisted nematic LCDs.

Memory map

The 64 KiB addressable by the Z80 processor are divided in four banks of 16 KiB each. The maximum memory of 4 MiB for the system is also divided in 256 segments of 16 KiB each. The hardware can map any of the 16 KiB blocks to any of the four banks. The first 512 KiB are reserved for ROM; the next 512 KiB are reserved for internal RAM. The next 3 MiB are assigned to each one of the three memory slots.

Current status

The Z88 had something of a cult following, and is still used by a few enthusiasts. A variety of software is available including games and utilities. Since 1998, a 1 MiB Flash memory card is available which provides convenient non-volatile storage. Once written to the card, files are safe and not reliant on a power supply. Unlike traditional EPROM cards (erased with an external ultraviolet light), this one can be electrically erased in the computer's slot. The first generation of card only worked in slot 3 where a 12V signal (Vpp) is available. The later generation is based on AMD chips and runs with 5V for erasure. It is possible to read, write and erase flash cards in the three slots and the internal one.

It is also possible for an experienced user to replace the built-in 32 KiB RAM chip with a bigger 128 or 512 KiB static RAM chip. However, the latter requires some extra board modifications, and 512 KiB is the biggest size that can be addressed by the Z88 for the internal RAM. A same modification is possible for the internal EPROM slot. A 512 KiB Flash chip can replace the original ROM. This allows an easy upgrade of the operating system.