Candaulism is a sexual practice or fantasy in which a man exposes his female partner, or images of her, to other people for their voyeuristic pleasure. According to Gugitz, the term is derived from ancient King Candaules who made a plot to show his unaware naked wife to his servant Gyges of Lydia. After discovering Gyges while he was watching her naked, Candaules' wife ordered him to choose between killing himself or killing her husband in order to repair the vicious mischief.[1][2][3]
Sometimes this behavior is taken to the point of allowing complete sexual relations, a practice defined by many English speaking people as swinging. A related term is cuckoldry, which is distinct in that it involves a control difference between the partner that is having sex outside the couple and the partner who is not. In certain cases the relation evolves into a stable union of three persons that is known as ménage à trois.
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History of the term
The term was first defined by Richard von Krafft-Ebbing in in his book: Psychopathia sexualis. Eine klinisch-forensische Studie (Stuttgart: Enke 1886).[4]
Psychology of candaulism
R. Senf proposed that candaulism should be thought of as a veiled form of homosexuality; Sadger hypothesized that the candaulist completely identifies with his partner's body, and deep in his mind is showing himself.[5]
Filmography
- Gilda (1946, by Charles Vidor), with Rita Hayworth and Glenn Ford. In a carnival party, Gilda gives her lover a bill asking him "why are you Cuckolding me ?" .
- Odd Obsession (1959, by Kon Ichikawa)
- Jules et Jim (1962, by François Truffaut) with Jeanne Moreau, Oscar Werner and Henri Serre
- Knife in the Water (Nóż w wodzie) (1962, by Roman Polanski) with Leon Niemczyk, Jolanta Umecka, Zygmunt Malanowicz.
- Irma la Douce (1963, by Billy Wilder), with Jack Lemmon, Shirley MacLaine, Lou Jacobi.
- Belle de Jour (1967, by Luis Buñuel), with Catherine Deneuve, Jean Sorel and Michel Piccoli.
- The Graduate (1967, by Mike Nichols), with Dustin Hoffman, Anne Bancroft, Katharine Ross
- Il merlo maschio (1970, by Pasquale Festa Campanile), with Laura Antonelli and Lando Buzzanca
- La Dernière femme (1976, by Marco Ferreri), with Gérard Depardieu, Ornella Muti, Michel Piccoli.
- The Tin Drum (1979, by Volker Schlöndorff), with Mario Adorf, Angela Winkler, David Bennent, Daniel Olbrychski, Katharina Thalbach.
- American Gigolo (1980, by Paul Schrader) with Richard Gere.
- La Pelle (1981, by Liliana Cavani), with Claudia Cardinale, Marcello Mastroianni, Burt Lancaster, Ken Marshall, Alexandra King, Carlo Giuffrè
- Querelle (1982, by Reiner Werner Fassbinder) with Brad Davis and Jeanne Moreau.
- Maria's lovers (1984, by Andrei Konchalovsky) with Nastassja Kinski, John Savage and Keith Carradine
- 9½ Weeks (1986, by Adrian Lyne) with Mickey Rourke, Kim Basinger, David Margulies.
- I miei primi quarant'anni (1987, by Carlo Vanzina), with Carol Alt, Elliott Gould and Jean Rochefort.
- Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988, by Robert Zemeckis), Bob Hoskins & cartoons.
- Wild Orchid (1990, by Zalman King) with Jacqueline Bisset, Carré Otis, Mickey Rourke.
- Henry & June (1990, by Philip Kaufman), with Fred Ward, Uma Thurman, Maria de Medeiros.
- The Bonfire of the Vanities (1990, by Brian De Palma) with Tom Hanks, Bruce Willis, Melanie Griffith, Kim Cattrall.
- Bitter Moon (Lunes de fiel) (1992, by Roman Polanski), with Hugh Grant, Kristin Scott Thomas, Emmanuelle Seigner , Peter Coyote.
- La Reine Margot (1994, by Patrice Chéreau, with Isabelle Adjani, Daniel Auteuil, Virna Lisi, Miguel Bosé
- The Specialist (1994, by Luis Llosa) with Sharon Stone, Silvester Stallone, James Woods and Rod Steiger.
- Une femme française (1995, by Régis Wargnier), with Emmanuelle Béart and Daniel Auteuil.
- Eyes Wide Shut, (1999 by Stanley Kubrick, based on Dream Story, a book by Arthur Schnitzler). With Tom Cruise and Nicole Kidman.
- How much do you love me?, (Combien tu m'aimes?) (2005, by Bertrand Blier) with Monica Bellucci, Bernard Campan and Gérard Depardieu
- Memoirs of a Geisha (2005, by Rob Marshall) with Zhang Ziyi, and Ken Watanabe.
See also
- Amateur pornography
- Compersion
- Cuckoldry
- Droit de seigneur
- Exhibitionism
- Indecent exposure
- List of public outdoor clothes free places
- Naturism
- Open marriage
- Polyamory
- Public nudity
- Sexually liberal feminism
- Troilism
- Voyeurism
Notes
Further reading
- American Psychiatric Society, "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Text Revision IV" (DSM-IV-TR).
- Barbara Foster, Michael Foster, Letha Hadady. Three in Love: Ménages à trois from Ancient to Modern Times. ISBN 0-595-00807-0
- Geoffrey Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, (the Miller's Tale is a story that humorously examines the life of a cuckold).
- A Book by French Queen Maguerite de Valois
- Robertson Davies, Fifth Business
External links
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