Cangzhou

Cangzhou
—  Prefecture-level city  —
Location of Cangzhou within Hebei
Cangzhou Location in China
Coordinates: 38°19′N 116°52′E / 38.317°N 116.867°E / 38.317; 116.867
Country	China
Province	Hebei
Area
• Prefecture-level city	5,181.1 sq mi (13,419 km2)
Population (2010 census)
• Prefecture-level city	7,134,053
• Density	1,376.9/sq mi (531.6/km2)
• Urban	514,074
• Metro	514,074
Time zone	China standard time (UTC+8)
License Plate Prefix	冀J

Cangzhou (simplified Chinese: 沧州; traditional Chinese: 滄州; pinyin: Cāngzhōu) is a prefecture-level city in Hebei province, People's Republic of China. Cangzhou's urban center has a population of approximately 514,074 as of the 2010 national census (corresponding to the built up area of the prefecture-level city), while the prefecture-level administrative unit in total has a population of 7,134,053. It lies approximately 180 km from Beijing, China's capital, and 90 km from the major port city of Tianjin.

Administrative divisions

Cangzhou City comprises 2 districts, 4 county-level cities, 9 counties and 1 autonomous county.

Map
#	Name	Hanzi	Hanyu Pinyin	Population (2004 est.)	Area (km²)	Density (/km²)
1	Yunhe District	运河区	Yùnhé Qū	270,000	138	1,957
2	Xinhua District	新华区	Xīnhuá Qū	220,000	89	2,472
3	Botou City	泊头市	Bótóu Shì	550,000	977	563
4	Renqiu City	任丘市	Rénqiū Shì	770,000	1,023	753
5	Huanghua City	黄骅市	Huánghuá Shì	490,000	1,545	317
6	Hejian City	河间市	Héjiān Shì	770,000	1,333	578
7	Cang County	沧县	Cāng Xiàn	660,000	1,527	432
8	Qing County	青县	Qīng Xiàn	390,000	968	403
9	Dongguang County	东光县	Dōngguāng Xiàn	350,000	710	493
10	Haixing County	海兴县	Hǎixīng Xiàn	220,000	836	263
11	Yanshan County	盐山县	Yánshān Xiàn	400,000	795	503
12	Suning County	肃宁县	Sùníng Xiàn	330,000	497	664
13	Nanpi County	南皮县	Nánpí Xiàn	350,000	794	441
14	Wuqiao County	吴桥县	Wúqiáo Xiàn	280,000	603	464
15	Xian County	献县	Xìàn Xiàn	570,000	1,191	479
16	Mengcun Hui Autonomous County	孟村回族自治县	Mèngcūn Huízú Zìzhìxiàn	180,000	393	458

Economics

Cangzhou's urban center is a heavily industrial city but the city's administrative territory also includes strongly agricultural areas, and is well-known in China for its Chinese jujubes (Chinese dates) and Ya pears (widely known under the export name of Tianjin Ya Pear). The North China Oil Field is within Cangzhou City's jurisdiction. Cangzhou also encompasses a large fishing port and the modern coal-exporting Huanghua Harbour.

Geography and transportation

Cangzhou is located to the south of Beijing, near the coast of the Bohai Sea of the Pacific Ocean. It lies on the Jinghu (Beijing-Shanghai) railway line and the notional Jinghu Axis, a geographic and transportation corridor between Beijing and Shanghai to the south.

The Shicang Expressway connects Cangzhou to Shijiazhuang, capital of Hebei province, and from thence links by road to the Jingshi Expressway leading to Beijing, part of the Jingzhu Expressway connecting all the way to southern China, Hong Kong, and Macau. Cangzhou's Huanghua Harbour is the end of a main Chinese coal shipping railway, the Shuohuang Line.

Major airports located closest to Cangzhou include Beijing Capital Airport and Tianjin Airport.

The Grand Canal passes directly through Cangzhou File:Modern Course of Grand Canal of China.png, and a district of Cangzhou (Yunhe District) is named after it.

Climate

Cangzhou has a four-season, monsoon-influenced climate lying right on the border between the humid continental and humid subtropical regimes (Köppen Dwa/Cwa), with cold, dry winters, and hot, humid summers. Monthly average temperatures range from −3 °C (26.6 °F) to 26.5 °C (79.7 °F), with an annual mean of 12.9 °C (55.2 °F).

History

Cangzhou is reported to have been founded in the Southern and Northern Dynasties period (420-589 CE).

Culture

The Iron Lion

The city has historically been known in China for its wushu–or martial arts–and acrobatics (specifically, the Wu Qiao school). Cangzhou is also famed for its historic thousand-year-old 40-ton sculpture, the Iron Lion of Cangzhou. The sculpture is reportedly the largest cast-iron sculpture in the world, cast in 953 in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The famed lion has even given its name to a locally-brewed beer and is a symbol of the city.^[2]

Cangzhou is home to a traditional Chinese form of musical performing arts, Kuaiban Dagu.

The city's Hui residents have seven mosques. One of them, the West Mosque, has collected at its museum one of Chinas's best collections of Islamic manuscripts and artefacts.^[3]

Demographics and society

Cangzhou, though predominated by the Han Chinese majority, is home to a sizable population of the Muslim Hui minority. Intermarriage occasionally occurs between the majority Han and the Hui, but stereotypes of Hui still exist among Cangzhou's Han residents, and some tensions remain. Migration to Hebei province and Cangzhou by Xinjiang Muslim minorities (generally ethnic Uighurs) is increasing.

Language

The dominant first language of Cangzhou's population is a variety of the northeastern Mandarin dialect continuum termed Cangzhou,^[4] and is a variety of Ji Lu Mandarin. There are some similarities with the Tianjin variety and the Baoding variety of Mandarin, but both are considered distinct groups from that of Cangzhou [3]. Dialects of the Cangzhou area vary between localities and counties, though are generally intelligible among each other. Cangzhou-area topolects are partially mutually intelligible with standard Mandarin.

Municipal government

The city, like all other Chinese administrative divisions, has a party committee, the People's government, the People's Congress, and the Political consultative conference.

Military

Cangzhou is home to Cangzhou Airbase of the People's Liberation Army-Air Force

Famous residents

• Sun Yue (basketball) (1985), fifth Chinese player in the NBA
• Wang Zi-Ping (1881–1973), Chinese martial arts grandmaster

References

1. ^ ^{a b} "中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）" (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3. Retrieved 2010年6月3日. 
2. ^ Wagner, Donald B. "The cast iron lion of Cangzhou", Needham Research Institute newsletter, no. 10, June 1991, pp. 2-3.
3. ^ WEST MOSQUE MUSEUM, CANGZHOU, HEBEI PROVINCE CHINA HERITAGE NEWSLETTER, No. 5, March 2006. (China Heritage Project, The Australian National University. ISSN 1833-8461).
4. ^ [1][2]

3. DuBois, Thomas. The Sacred Village: Social Change and Religious Life in Rural North China. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2005.

External links

• http://www.china-military.org/units/cangzhou.htm
• Lions of Cangzhou: a Martial arts (wushu) school in Malle, Belgium
• Article about the Cangzhou Lion (in Chinese)
• "Chinese 'serial killer' arrested". BBC World Service. 15 November 2003. (Incident in Cangzhou)
• http://www.spotsoftime.com/blog/archives/cat_china.html
• http://archives.foodsafetynetwork.ca/animalnet/1999/7-1999/an-07-10-99-01.txt

v d e Counties in Cangzhou prefecture, Hebei province, China Districts : Xinhua Yunhe County-level cities : Botou Hejian Huanghua Renqiu Counties (Xian) : Cang Dongguang Haixing Nanpi Qing Suning Wuqiao Xian Yanshan Autonomous county : Mengcun

Coordinates: 38°19′N 116°52′E / 38.317°N 116.867°E / 38.317; 116.867