cardiac

(kär'dē-ăk')
adj.

1. Of, near, or relating to the heart: cardiac arteries.
2. Of or relating to the cardia.

n.
A person with a heart disorder.

[Middle English, from Latin cardiacus, from Greek kardiakos, from kardiā, heart.]

adj

Relating to the heart.

Pertaining to the heart.

1. pertaining to the heart. See also heart.
2. pertaining to the gastric cardia.

• c. afterload — the impedance to ventricular emptying presented by aortic pressure.
• c. area — see precordium.
• c. biopsy — an uncommon clinical procedure. May be performed via thoracotomy or with a biopsy catheter introduced intravenously.
• c. catheterization — the insertion of a catheter into a vein or artery and guiding it into the interior of the heart for purposes of measuring cardiac output, determining the oxygen content of blood in the heart chambers, and evaluating the structural components of the heart.
• c. compensation — in cardiac disease the compensation for the inefficiency of the heart's pump action by enlisting the various reserves of the heart such as hypertrophy, enlargement, increase in rate, so as to maintain circulatory equilibrium and prevent the appearance of signs of congestive heart failure.
• c. compression — an emergency measure to empty the ventricles of the heart in an effort to circulate the blood, and also to stimulate the heart so that it will resume its pumping action. Involves the application of pressure through the thoracic wall. More commonly used in animals than other forms of cardiac massage.
• c. conducting cells — specialized cardiac fibers modified to conduct impulses from the A-V node via the septum to the ventricles. Called also Purkinje fibers.
• c. conducting system — the cardiac tissue responsible for electrical conduction, made up of the sinoatrial node, the atrioventricular node, and the atrioventricular bundle and cardiac conducting fibers.
• c. depressor nerve — a branch of the vagus nerve composed of afferent nerve fibers which arise around the base of the heart; called also aortic nerve.
• c. dilatation — the heart volume is increased but the effective mass of cardiac muscle is not. A dilated heart has lost some of its reserve.
• c. dullness — the area of the chest wall over which a dull sound, indicating the position of the heart, can be elicited by percussion.
• c. failure — see heart failure.
• c. fibrillation — see ventricular fibrillation.
• c. fibrosis — see cardiac cirrhosis.
• c. flow load — the work required of the heart can be increased by a need for an increased flow rate of blood, e.g. when there is an anastomosis, congenital arteriovenous defect, portosystemic shunt.
• c. function curves — statistical curves used in modeling the cardiovascular functions, relating e.g. venous return to cardiac output.
• c. glands — in the cardiac region of the gastric wall; branched, tubular, coiled, mucus-secreting.
• c. glycosides — the glycosides of Digitalis purpurea (digitoxin, gitalin and gitoxin) and digoxin (from D. lanata). Strophanthin and ouabain are glycosides found in Strophanthus spp. Other cardiac glycosides are present in the skin of toads (Bufo maritimus, B. vulgaris), but are of toxicological rather than therapeutic interest.
• c. horse sickness — see african horse sickness.
• c. hypertrophy — enlargement of the heart coincident with an increase in muscle mass; an indication of response to an increase in load which may or may not be associated with disease. It is an expression of cardiac compensation but some of the cardiac reserve has been lost.
• c. impulse — see cardiac impulse. Called also apex beat.
• c. index — cardiac output divided by the animal's body surface area in m². The normal range for dogs is 1.8–3.5 l/m².
• left-sided c. enlargement — may involve either the left ventricle or atrium, or both, and can be demonstrated on radiographs and electrocardiography. Seen most commonly in mitral valvular disease in dogs.
• c. massage — manual massage of the heart or stimulation with an electrical current through an open thoracic wall. The term is sometimes used interchangeably with cardiac compression.
• c. mucosa — the most cranial of the gastric mucosae; secretes only mucus, except in pigs, in which the area covered by this mucosa is much larger than in the other species and bicarbonate is also secreted.
• c. murmur — see heart murmur.
• c. output — the volume of blood pumped per unit of time. May be calculated by oxygen consumption measurement or determined by dilution of indocyanine green or cold saline, using catheters with thermistors placed intravenously (thermodilution method). It can be estimated clinically by measuring heart rate, pulse quality or pressure, and assessment of tissue perfusion, e.g. capillary refill time.
• c. pacing — employing cardiac pacemakers to control heart rate.
• c. preload — ventricular end-diastolic volume.
• c. pressure load — the stress of working against an elevated blood pressure in the arterial circuit; one of the two major groups of causes of heart disease; the other is flow load.
• c. racing syndrome — a disease of companion birds manifested by a sudden increase in heart rate, up to 1000/min, in the period immediately after being restrained. Death occurs within a few seconds.
• c. reserve — the reserve mechanisms in the heart to compensate for defects which could make the heart's pumping action ineffective. The reserve mechanisms include hypertrophy, enlargement, increase in heart rate and an increase in stroke volume, a result of the increase in muscle mass and the enlargement of the ventricles.
• right-sided c. enlargement — may involve either the right ventricle or atrium. Occurs in heartworm disease in dogs.
• c. rupture — penetration of the myocardium by a reticular foreign body in cows, or rupture of a patch of chronic fibrotic myocarditis in horses, causes cardiac tamponade and sudden death.
• c. size — may increase as a result of hypertrophy, dilatation or a combination of the two. A common belief with some scientific support is that performance of horses in sprint races is closely related to heart size.
• c. stroke volume — the amount of blood ejected with each systole.
• c. thrill — see thrill.
• c. valve fenestration — the valve surface is incomplete, creating a lattice effect; mostly congenital defects in foals.
• c. valve hematocysts — congenital, blood-filled cysts on the atrioventricular valves considered to be of no pathogenic significance.
• c. valve laceration — tearing of the valve tissue or attachment to myocardium may occur spontaneously or as a sequel to endocarditis; adds a significant additional flow load to the heart.
• c. valve rupture — see cardiac valve laceration (above).
• c. valves — heart valves formed by evaginations of the cardiac and vascular endothelium supported by connective tissue; includes atrioventricular and semilunar valves on both sides of the heart.
• c. valvular disease — see valvular disease.
• c. vascular shunts — includes patent foramen ovale, ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, patent ductus arteriosus.
• c. work — includes effective work—that needed for the onward propulsion of blood through the correct channels against arterial pressure, total work—includes all of the work performed by the heart including some involved in moving blood in the wrong direction.

IN BRIEF: Pertaining to the heart.

Exercising can lead to good cardiac health.

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Dansk (Danish)
adj. - hjerte-
n. - hjertestyrkende medicin, hjertepatient

idioms:

• cardiac arrest    hjertestop

Nederlands (Dutch)
betreffende het hart, hartkwaal, betreffende de maagmond, hartpatiënt

Français (French)
adj. - cardiaque
n. - cardiaque

idioms:

• cardiac arrest    arrêt cardiaque

Deutsch (German)
adj. - Herz-, Magen-
n. - Herzmittel, Magentätigkeit anregendes Mittel

idioms:

• cardiac arrest    Herzstillstand

Ελληνική (Greek)
adj. - (ιατρ.) καρδιακός
n. - (φαρμακολ.) αναληπτικό φάρμακο

idioms:

• cardiac arrest    καρδιακή ανακοπή

Italiano (Italian)
cardiaco, cardiotonico, cardiopatico

Português (Portuguese)
adj., -
n. - cardíaco (m) (Med.)

Русский (Russian)
сердечный

Español (Spanish)
adj. - cardíaco
n. - cardíaco, estomacal

idioms:

• cardiac arrest    paro cardiaco

Svenska (Swedish)
adj. - hjärt-, magmuns-
n. - hjärtpatient, hjärtstärkande medicin

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
心脏的, 贲门的, 强心剂, 强胃剂

idioms:

• cardiac arrest    心跳停止, 心停止

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
adj. - 心臟的, 賁門的
n. - 強心劑, 強胃劑

idioms:

• cardiac arrest    心跳停止, 心停止

한국어 (Korean)
adj. - 심장[병]의, 분문의
n. - 강심제, 심장병 환자

日本語 (Japanese)
adj. - 心臓の, 心臓病の
n. - 強心薬, 心臓病患者, 強心剤

idioms:

• cardiac arrest    心停止
• cardiac massage    心臓マッサージ

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(صفه) ذو علاقه بأمراض القلب (الاسم) مصاب بمرض في القلب‏

עברית (Hebrew)
adj. - ‮של הלב‬
n. - ‮חולה לב‬

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