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Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

 
US Military History Companion: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
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In 1910, retired steelmaker and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, a longtime supporter of peace societies, established the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace with a donation of $10 million, making it the wealthiest organization in the resurgent American peace movement of the early twentieth century. Like other peace advocates, Carnegie wanted America to be a world leader in promoting international arbitration to settle disputes among nations.

Carnegie's most influential advisers, elder statesman Elihu Root, and the president of Columbia University, Nicholas Murray Butler, chose as trustees leading businessmen, influential members of Congress, and notable educators, bypassing longtime, more outspoken peace advocates. The politically conservative Endowment leaders, Root and Butler, thus created an organization for “scientific research” rather than active advocacy of peace. In World War I, the endowment curtailed its activities instead of advocating U.S. mediation or nonintervention.

The endowment's accomplishments in the areas of research and publication during the interwar period were impressive. Its projects included a monumental study, Economic and Social History of the World War (more than 100 volumes); many other studies of economics and international law; financing of overseas exchange visits by educators and journalists; creation of “International Mind” alcoves in libraries; and the endowing of university chairs in International Relations. The endowment published the scholarly journal International Conciliation until 1972, when the organization became associated with Foreign Policy magazine. After World War II, the endowment gave support and encouragement to the work of the United Nations.

The endowment's trustees were always careful to avoid controversy. At its founding, many in the peace movement hoped Carnegie's gift would establish a powerful advocacy organization; instead, it became an early prototype of the policy research institute.

[See also Peace; Peace and Antiwar Movements.]

Bibliography

  • Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Yearbooks (1910–).
  • Michael A. Lutzker, The Formation of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace: A Study of the Establishment‐Centered Peace Movement, 1910–1914, in Building the Organizational Society, ed. Jerry Israel, 1972
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US Military Dictionary: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
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An institution for research on peace and public education on world affairs founded by philanthropist Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919) in 1910. Carnegie donated ten million dollars to the Endowment to “hasten the abolition of war, the foulest blot upon our civilization.” The organization is headquartered in Washington, D.C., and has worked to study the causes and impact of war, promote international understanding, and aid in the development of international law and dispute settlement.

See the Introduction, Abbreviations and Pronunciation for further details.

Wikipedia: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
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The Endowment's headquarters located at 1779 Massachusetts Avenue, NW in Washington, D.C.
"CEIP" redirects here. For the Customer Experience Improvement Program, see customer experience.

The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace is a foreign-policy think tank based in Washington, D.C.[1] The organization describes itself as being dedicated to advancing cooperation between nations and promoting active international engagement by the United States. Founded in 1910 by Andrew Carnegie, its work is not formally associated with any political party.

The Endowment published the bimonthly magazine Foreign Policy until 2008.

Contents

History

Andrew Carnegie, like other leading internationalists of his day, believed that war could be eliminated by stronger international laws and organizations. "I am drawn more to this cause than to any," he wrote in 1907. Carnegie's single largest commitment in this field was his creation of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.[2]

On his seventy-fifth birthday, November 25, 1910, Andrew Carnegie announced the establishment of the Endowment with a gift of $10 million. In his deed of gift, presented in Washington on December 14, 1910, Carnegie charged trustees to use the fund to "hasten the abolition of international war, the foulest blot upon our civilization," and he gave his trustees "the widest discretion as to the measures and policy they shall from time to time adopt" in carrying out the purpose of the fund.[3]

Carnegie chose longtime adviser Elihu Root, Senator from New York and former Secretary of War and of State, to be the Endowment's first president. Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1912, Root served until 1925. Founder trustees included Harvard University president Charles William Eliot, philanthropist Robert S. Brookings, former U.S. Ambassador to Great Britain Joseph Hodges Choate, former Secretary of State John W. Foster, and Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching president Henry Smith Pritchett.[2]

In 1914, the Endowment helped created the Hague Academy of International Law. The Academy is housed in the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands, and opened its doors in 1923.

In 2008, faced with the onset of the global financial crisis and the increasing importance of economics in world discussions, the Endowment created a program in international economics headed by the former director of trade at the World Bank, Uri Dadush. The program currently publishes the International Economics Bulletin bi-monthly to inform on global financial issues.

Presidents

Chairmen

International operations

The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace is based out of several countries. In 1993, the Endowment launched the Carnegie Moscow Center, with the belief that, "in today's world a think tank whose mission is to contribute to global security, stability, and prosperity requires a permanent presence and a multinational outlook at the core of its operations".[4]

Carnegie's stated goal is to become the first multinational/global think tank.[4]

The Carnegie Endowment now has operations in several countries, with headquarters in Moscow, Beijing, Beirut, Brussels, and Washington, D.C..

Controversies

Discussion of Israel

It is reported by Philip Weiss in the New York Observer that Carnegie's Senior Associate Anatol Lieven "had to parachute out of Carnegie when they didn't want to hear what he had to say about Israel" – Lieven was critical of some elements of the US relationship with Israel. Weiss reports that Lieven told him, "People at the thinktanks have courage somewhere between a seaslug and sheep-guts."[5]

Hanes protest

Jessica T. Mathews, the current president of the institute, has become a source of controversy for the institute due to the claims by the International Labor Rights Forum that garment workers at the TOS factory owned by HanesBrands Inc. in the Dominican Republic are subject to serious workers' rights violations.[6] Mathews is a Board Member of HanesBrands. On March 14, 2008, students and labor activists demonstrated outside the Washington, D.C. headquarters of the Carnegie Endowment, in order to "pressure" Mathews to "use her power as a Hanes board member to end sweatshop conditions" at the factory.[7] One worker from the Hanes factory, Julio Castillo, carried a poster with the slogan "Human Rights Hypocrite of the year". According to the protestors, Mathews refused to meet the workers.[7][8]

References

  1. ^ "$3 Million Carnegie Corporation Investment Supports Carnegie Endowment’s China Policy Research Program". Carnegie Corporation of New York. January 9, 2008. http://www.carnegie.org/sub/news/china_policy.html. "The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace was the first think tank headquartered in the United States to establish a joint presence in Beijing and Washington" 
  2. ^ a b "Endowment History". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. http://www.carnegieendowment.org/about/index.cfm?fa=history. Retrieved 2009-10-13. 
  3. ^ Edmund Jan Osmanczyk, Anthony Mango (February 2004). Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements. Routledge. ISBN 0415939216. 
  4. ^ a b About the Endowment Carnegie Endowment website
  5. ^ The New York Observer, December 18, 2006
  6. ^ "TOS Dominicana (DR)". International Labor Rights Forum. 2007. http://www.laborrights.org/creating-a-sweatfree-world/wal-mart-campaign/tos-dominicana-dr. Retrieved 2008-03-26. 
  7. ^ a b Richards, Andy (2008-03-14). "Workers Rally Against Hanes Sweatshops". Metropolitan Washington Council, AFL-CIO. http://www.dclabor.org/ht/display/ArticleDetails/i/67740. Retrieved 2008-03-26. 
  8. ^ Mahoney, Jack (2008-03-13). "TOS Workers' Protest Hanes Boardmember Jessica Matthews". Georgetown Solidarity Committee. http://www.georgetownsolidarity.org/node/109. Retrieved 2008-03-15. 

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