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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
|---|---|
| 2-(2-oxo-4-phenylpyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 77472-70-9 |
| ATC code | none |
| PubChem | 132441 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C12H14N2O2 |
| Mol. mass | 218.3 g/mol |
| SMILES | eMolecules & PubChem |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ~100 % |
| Metabolism | ? |
| Half life | 3-5 hours |
| Excretion | ? |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
? |
| Legal status |
Legal to import |
| Routes | Oral |
Carphedon (C12H14N2O2, 2-(4-phenyl-2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide) is a derivative of the nootropic drug piracetam. It was developed in Russia, and a small number of low-scale clinical studies have shown possible links between prescription of carphedon and improvement in a number of encephalopathic conditions, including lesions of cerebral blood pathways, and certain types of glioma. It is also claimed to increase physical stamina and provide improved tolerance to cold. As a result, it appears on the lists of banned substances issued by the World Anti-Doping Agency. This list is applicable in all Olympic sports. As of 27 February 2006, the most recent confirmed case of carphedon abuse by a professional athlete is that of Russian biathlon Olympic silver medalist Olga Pyleva in the 2006 Winter Olympics, who was disqualified from attending further events following a positive drug test. She was subsequently banned from competition for two years. It may be noteworthy that Pyleva claims that carphedon was an unlisted ingredient of a Russian medication she was prescribed by her personal doctor (not a team doctor).
In August 2008, Russian steeplechase runner Roman Usov was pulled out of the Beijing Olympics for what media reported was a possible positive test for Carphedon[1].
A former rider for Gerolsteiner, professional cyclist Danilo Hondo, tested positive to this banned substance in 2005.
While not widely available in the West, in Russia it is available as a prescription medicine under the brand name "Phenotropil". Packets of ten 100 mg pills are available for roughly 350 rubles (2009 price), or about 10 USD. It is typically prescribed as a general stimulant or to increase tolerance to cold and stress.
See also
References
- ^ CNN, "Runners fail pre-Olympics doping tests", Retrieved on 2008-08-09
External links
- "Super Speed" from Vice Magazine's Russian issue
- *An interview with Danilo Hondo, 15-Jun-06* from Cyclingnews
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