Cavan (kăv'ən), county (1991 pop. 52,796), 730 sq mi (1,891 sq km), N Republic of Ireland. The county seat is Cavan. The county is a hilly region of lakes (Lough Oughter chief among them) and bogs, and the climate is extremely damp and cool. Most of the soil is clay. The Erne is the principal river, and the Shannon has its source there. Pastoral agriculture is the chief occupation, although very little land is under cultivation (in the form of small farms). Industries include plastics, wallpaper, creameries, and food processing. Cavan was organized as a shire of Ulster in 1584.
Cavan
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| Cavan An Cabhán |
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| Motto: Motto: Fortitudine et Prudentia "courage and chastity" |
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| Location | ||
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| Irish grid reference H419041 |
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| Statistics | ||
| Province: | Ulster | |
| County: | County Cavan | |
| Elevation: | 113 m (379 ft) | |
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Population (2006) |
3,954 4,796 |
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| Website: www.cavancoco.ie | ||
| Historical populations | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | %± |
| 1821 | 2,322 | — |
| 1831 | 2,931 | 26.2% |
| 1841 | 3,749 | 27.9% |
| 1851 | 3,034 | −19.1% |
| 1861 | 3,118 | 2.8% |
| 1871 | 3,389 | 8.7% |
| 1881 | 3,050 | −10.0% |
| 1891 | 2,968 | −2.7% |
| 1901 | 2,822 | −4.9% |
| 1911 | 1,961 | −30.5% |
| 1926 | 3,060 | 56.0% |
| 1936 | 3,393 | 10.9% |
| 1946 | 3,477 | 2.5% |
| 1951 | 3,555 | 2.2% |
| 1956 | 4,277 | 20.3% |
| 1961 | 3,958 | −7.5% |
| 1966 | 4,205 | 6.2% |
| 1971 | 4,312 | 2.5% |
| 1981 | 5,035 | 16.8% |
| 1986 | 5,219 | 3.7% |
| 1991 | 5,254 | 0.7% |
| 1996 | 5,623 | 7.0% |
| 2002 | 6,098 | 8.4% |
| 2006 | 7,883 | 29.3% |
| [1][2][3][4][5] | ||
Cavan (pronounced /ˈkævən/; Irish: An Cabhán, meaning "The Hollow") is the county seat of County Cavan in Ireland. It is one of the three counties, the others being Monaghan and Donegal, which are part of the Irish province of Ulster but are part of the Republic. The town lies in the northeast of the island, along the border with Northern Ireland. The town is located on the main road - the N3 road - linking Dublin (to the south) with Enniskillen, Ballyshannon and Donegal Town (to the north).
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History
The O'Reilly family (still a very common surname in the area) established a castle in the town in the late 13th century. A Franciscan monastery was also established at around the same time. In the 15th century the local ruler, Bearded Owen O'Reilly set up a market which attracted merchants from Dublin and Drogheda. King James I of England granted the town a charter in 1610. In the early 19th century, the Maxwells, Lords Farnham of Cromwellian origin, built a new wide street that still bears the name Farnham Street. This was lined with comfortable town houses, public buildings (such as the courthouse which dates from 1825, and churches. The term life of Reilly was credited to the O'Reilly clans due to their great wealth and power, having issued their own currency during the 1600s.
In the late 19th century, Cavan became an important rail junction between the midland and western lines and those of the Northern Railways. The Town Hall was built in 1909. In 1938, work began on the Roman Catholic Cathedral of Saints Patrick and Felim. Three miles west of Cavan Town is the Church of Ireland Kilmore Cathedral, which contains a Romanesque doorway dating from the 12th century. Farnham House, to the northwest of Cavan, is one of the largest houses in the county. It is believed to have been built for the Maxwell family - who hold the title of Baron Farnham - in 1810, and designed by Francis Johnston, a County Armagh-born, but Dublin-based, architect. It was recently sold by the widowed Lady Mairead Smith to a local entrepreneur, and the house and estate has now been converted to a luxury hotel and leisure complex under the Radisson SAS international hotel group. Cavan has been twinned with Jaunay Clan, in the Vienne département of France.
On February 23, 1943, a fire at St Joseph's Orphanage in the town claimed the lives of 35 children and an elderly woman. A Public Enquiry found no culpability on the part of the nuns who ran the orphanage, but the circumstances surrounding the high death toll in the fire remain controversial to this day.
Transport
Road
There are about 30,000 people living within a 16 km radius of the town, so infrastructure is very important. The town is located on the junction of two national routes, the N3 to Dublin and N55 to Athlone. The National Development Plan, 2000-2006, provides for a major upgrading of the N3 route with a motorway from Kells to Dublin (under construction) and type 2 dual carriageway from Kells to Cavan, which will also eventually bypass Virginia. The N3 and N55 eastern bypass around Cavan town was fully completed in March 2006, eliminating the need for heavy traffic to enter the congested town.
Rail
Cavan used to have two railway stations (GNR and CIÉ) on the end-on junction of the Belfast-Cavan and the Cavan-Dublin, via the Inny Junction and Mullingar lines. A branch of the Cavan-Leitrim Railway was also indirectly linked to Cavan town via Belturbet (the C&L terminus) and Ballyhaise on the GNR line. When the Stormont Government closed the section of the Belfast line from Portadown to Glaslough in 1957, it was found to be uneconomical to keep running the rump section from Monaghan to Cavan. All these lines (including the Cavan-Leitrim Railway) were closed by 1960. The Virginia Road Station also once serviced the route between Kells and Oldcastle. Cooperation between the Cavan and Westmeath county council's are striving to integrate this into the national and regional development plan. Cavan railway station opened on 8 July 1856, closed for passenger services on 14 October 1957, and finally closed altogether on 1 January 1960.[6]
Future infrastructure
See also: Midland Railway Action Group
In accordance with the National Development Plan, development in County Cavan is on course to meet a programme deadline of 2020 for embracing road and telecommunication infrastructures. These will permit a better integration with the neighbouring Dublin and Midlands Gateways, also, the Monaghan, Sligo, and Ulster hubs, and thus allowing the promotion of business and tourism within the region.
Cavan County Heritage Plan 2006-2011
The guiding principal as stated by Cavan County Council: "The unique and diverse heritage of County Cavan is conserved, sustained and, above all, cherished and celebrated by the people of the County". The example of Cavan's uniqueness can be best defined by its location in the heart of Irelands lakeland's, a region so diverse that its potential has yet to be determined in a viable Biodiversity Action Plan. The Wildlife and Wetlands environment of County Cavan's loughs is nationally and internationally recognised and offers substantial and unique opportunities for Sustainable tourism development. Lough Oughter and Killykeen located just a few miles from Cavan town already has the core infrastructure for further durable and sustainable tourism development.
Education
Vocational Education in County Cavan is coordinated by the Cavan Vocational Educational Committee,[7] while voluntary secondary schools are coordinated by the Department of Education and Science. The town has four second level schools: Saint Patrick's College,[8] Loreto College,[9] Breifne College, and the Royal School.[10] The town is served by a third level college, Cavan Institute (formerly Cavan College of Further Studies), which has been located in Cavan since 1985 and is the largest provider of FETAC courses in the northeast region.
References
- ^ Census for post 1821 figures.
- ^ http://www.histpop.org
- ^ http://www.nisranew.nisra.gov.uk/census
- ^ Lee, JJ (1981). "On the accuracy of the Pre-famine Irish censuses". in Goldstrom, J. M.; Clarkson, L. A.. Irish Population, Economy, and Society: Essays in Honour of the Late K. H. Connell. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
- ^ Mokyr, Joel; O Grada, Cormac (November), "New Developments in Irish Population History, 1700-1850", The Economic History Review Volume 37 (Issue 4): pp. 473-488, doi:, http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120035880/abstract
- ^ "Cavan station". Railscot - Irish Railways. http://www.railscot.co.uk/Ireland/Irish_railways.pdf. Retrieved 2007-09-16.
- ^ Cavan Vocational Educational Committee
- ^ Saint Patrick's College
- ^ Loreto College
- ^ The Royal School
See also
- List of abbeys and priories in County Cavan.
- List of towns and villages in Ireland
- Cavan Orphanage Fire
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