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CCL4

 
Wikipedia: CCL4
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Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4
PBB Protein CCL4 image.jpg
PDB rendering based on 1hum.
Available structures
1hum, 1hun, 1je4, 2ffk, 2fin
Identifiers
Symbols CCL4; SCYA2; ACT2; AT744.1; G-26; LAG1; MGC104418; MGC126025; MGC126026; MIP-1-beta; MIP1B; SCYA4
External IDs OMIM: 182284 MGI: 98261 HomoloGene: 48153
RNA expression pattern
PBB GE CCL4 204103 at tn.png
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez 6351 20303
Ensembl ENSG00000129277 ENSMUSG00000018930
UniProt P13236 Q5QNV9
RefSeq NM_002984 (mRNA) NM_013652 (mRNA)
NP_002975 (protein) NP_038680 (protein)
Location Chr 17:
31.46 - 31.46 Mb		 Chr 11:
83.48 - 83.48 Mb
PubMed search [1] [2]

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4, also known as CCL4, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CCL4 gene.[1]

Contents

Function

CCL4 is a CC chemokine with specificity for CCR5 receptors. It is a chemoattractant for natural killer cells, monocytes and a variety of other immune cells.[2]

CCL4 is a major HIV-suppressive factor produced by CD8+ T cells.[3]

Perforin-low memory CD8+ T cells that normally synthesize MIP-1-beta.[4]

Interactions

CCL4 has been shown to interact with CCL3.[5]

See also

References

  1. ^ Irving SG, Zipfel PF, Balke J, McBride OW, Morton CC, Burd PR, Siebenlist U, Kelly K (June 1990). "Two inflammatory mediator cytokine genes are closely linked and variably amplified on chromosome 17q". Nucleic Acids Res. 18 (11): 3261–70. doi:10.1093/nar/18.11.3261. PMID 1972563. 
  2. ^ Bystry RS, Aluvihare V, Welch KA, Kallikourdis M, Betz AG (December 2001). "B cells and professional APCs recruit regulatory T cells via CCL4". Nat. Immunol. 2 (12): 1126–32. doi:10.1038/ni735. PMID 11702067. 
  3. ^ Cocchi F, DeVico AL, Garzino-Demo A, Arya SK, Gallo RC, Lusso P (December 1995). "Identification of RANTES, MIP-1 alpha, and MIP-1 beta as the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T cells". Science (journal) 270 (5243): 1811–5. PMID 8525373. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=8525373. 
  4. ^ Kamin-Lewis R, Abdelwahab SF, Trang C, Baker A, DeVico AL, Gallo RC, Lewis GK (July 2001). "Perforin-low memory CD8+ cells are the predominant T cells in normal humans that synthesize the beta -chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (16): 9283–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.161298998. PMID 11470920. 
  5. ^ Guan, E; Wang J, Norcross M A (Apr. 2001). "Identification of human macrophage inflammatory proteins 1alpha and 1beta as a native secreted heterodimer". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 276 (15): 12404–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M006327200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 11278300. 


Further reading

  • Menten P, Wuyts A, Van Damme J (2003). "Macrophage inflammatory protein-1.". Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 13 (6): 455–81. doi:10.1016/S1359-6101(02)00045-X. PMID 12401480. 
  • Muthumani K, Desai BM, Hwang DS, et al. (2004). "HIV-1 Vpr and anti-inflammatory activity.". DNA Cell Biol. 23 (4): 239–47. doi:10.1089/104454904773819824. PMID 15142381. 
  • Conti L, Fantuzzi L, Del Cornò M, et al. (2005). "Immunomodulatory effects of the HIV-1 gp120 protein on antigen presenting cells: implications for AIDS pathogenesis.". Immunobiology 209 (1-2): 99–115. doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2004.02.008. PMID 15481145. 
  • Joseph AM, Kumar M, Mitra D (2005). "Nef: "necessary and enforcing factor" in HIV infection.". Curr. HIV Res. 3 (1): 87–94. doi:10.2174/1570162052773013. PMID 15638726. 
  • Zhao RY, Elder RT (2005). "Viral infections and cell cycle G2/M regulation.". Cell Res. 15 (3): 143–9. doi:10.1038/sj.cr.7290279. PMID 15780175. 
  • Zhao RY, Bukrinsky M, Elder RT (2005). "HIV-1 viral protein R (Vpr) & host cellular responses.". Indian J. Med. Res. 121 (4): 270–86. PMID 15817944. 
  • Li L, Li HS, Pauza CD, et al. (2006). "Roles of HIV-1 auxiliary proteins in viral pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions.". Cell Res. 15 (11-12): 923–34. doi:10.1038/sj.cr.7290370. PMID 16354571. 
  • King JE, Eugenin EA, Buckner CM, Berman JW (2006). "HIV tat and neurotoxicity.". Microbes Infect. 8 (5): 1347–57. doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2005.11.014. PMID 16697675. 
  • Napolitano M, Modi WS, Cevario SJ, et al. (1991). "The gene encoding the Act-2 cytokine. Genomic structure, HTLV-I/Tax responsiveness of 5' upstream sequences, and chromosomal localization.". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (26): 17531–6. PMID 1894635. 
  • Irving SG, Zipfel PF, Balke J, et al. (1990). "Two inflammatory mediator cytokine genes are closely linked and variably amplified on chromosome 17q.". Nucleic Acids Res. 18 (11): 3261–70. doi:10.1093/nar/18.11.3261. PMID 1972563. 
  • Baixeras E, Roman-Roman S, Jitsukawa S, et al. (1991). "Cloning and expression of a lymphocyte activation gene (LAG-1).". Mol. Immunol. 27 (11): 1091–102. doi:10.1016/0161-5890(90)90097-J. PMID 2247088. 
  • Lipes MA, Napolitano M, Jeang KT, et al. (1989). "Identification, cloning, and characterization of an immune activation gene.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (24): 9704–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.85.24.9704. PMID 2462251. 
  • Brown KD, Zurawski SM, Mosmann TR, Zurawski G (1989). "A family of small inducible proteins secreted by leukocytes are members of a new superfamily that includes leukocyte and fibroblast-derived inflammatory agents, growth factors, and indicators of various activation processes.". J. Immunol. 142 (2): 679–87. PMID 2521353. 
  • Zipfel PF, Balke J, Irving SG, et al. (1989). "Mitogenic activation of human T cells induces two closely related genes which share structural similarities with a new family of secreted factors.". J. Immunol. 142 (5): 1582–90. PMID 2521882. 
  • Chang HC, Reinherz EL (1989). "Isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding a putative cytokine which is induced by stimulation via the CD2 structure on human T lymphocytes.". Eur. J. Immunol. 19 (6): 1045–51. doi:10.1002/eji.1830190614. PMID 2568930. 
  • Miller MD, Hata S, De Waal Malefyt R, Krangel MS (1989). "A novel polypeptide secreted by activated human T lymphocytes.". J. Immunol. 143 (9): 2907–16. PMID 2809212. 
  • Adams MD, Kerlavage AR, Fleischmann RD, et al. (1995). "Initial assessment of human gene diversity and expression patterns based upon 83 million nucleotides of cDNA sequence.". Nature 377 (6547 Suppl): 3–174. PMID 7566098. 
  • Post TW, Bozic CR, Rothenberg ME, et al. (1995). "Molecular characterization of two murine eosinophil beta chemokine receptors.". J. Immunol. 155 (11): 5299–305. PMID 7594543. 
  • Combadiere C, Ahuja SK, Murphy PM (1995). "Cloning and functional expression of a human eosinophil CC chemokine receptor.". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (28): 16491–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.28.16491. PMID 7622448. 
  • Paolini JF, Willard D, Consler T, et al. (1994). "The chemokines IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and I-309 are monomers at physiologically relevant concentrations.". J. Immunol. 153 (6): 2704–17. PMID 8077676. 
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