n.
(Abbr. CVP) The pressure of the blood within the superior and inferior vena cava, depressed in circulatory shock and deficiencies of circulating blood volume, and increased with cardiac failure and congestion of circulation.
Central venous pressure
| Medical Dictionary: central venous pressure |
n.
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| Wikipedia: Central venous pressure |
Central venous pressure (CVP) describes the pressure of blood in the thoracic vena cava, near the right atrium of the heart. CVP reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart and the ability of the heart to pump the blood into the arterial system.
It is a good approximation of right atrial pressure,[1] which is a major determinant of right ventricular end diastolic volume. (However, there can be exceptions in some cases.)[2]
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Measurement
Normal CVP can be measured from two points of reference:
- Sternum: 0-5 cm H2O
- Midaxillary line: 5-10 cm H2O
CVP can be measured by connecting the patient's central venous catheter to a special infusion set which is connected to a small diameter water column. If the water column is calibrated properly the height of the column indicates the CVP.
In most progressive intensive care units in the U.S., specialized monitors are available to continuously measure CVP as well as other hemodynamic values.
Normal values are 2-8 mmHg
Factors affecting CVP
Factors which increase CVP include:
- Hypervolemia
- forced exhalation
- Tension pneumothorax
- Heart failure
- Pleural effusion
- Decreased cardiac output
- Cardiac tamponade
Factors which decrease CVP include:
References
- ^ "Central Venous Catheter Physiology". http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/anesthesiology-elective/cardiac/cvcphys.cfm. Retrieved 2009-02-27.
- ^ Tkachenko BI, Evlakhov VI, Poyasov IZ (October 2002). "Independence of changes in right atrial pressure and central venous pressure". Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. 134 (4): 318–20. PMID 12533747.
External links
- Central Venous Pressure Monitoring
- Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts
- Central Venous Pressure and Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Monitoring
- Cardiovascular Physiology
- MeSH Central+Venous+Pressure
See also
Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure
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Mentioned in
- central
- catheter
- Cardiac Monitor (surgical term)
- Pericardiocentesis (surgical term)
- Centimetre of water
- Friedreich's sign
- Jugular venous pressure
- Mean arterial pressure
- Beck's triad (cardiology)
- Atrial action potential
